From Van Rossem to Dijkstra: Cardano's development focus shifts to the Dijkstra era
After completing the Van Rossem hard fork, Cardano has shifted its development focus to the Dijkstra era.
The Van Rossem hard fork implemented on July 18 upgrades the protocol to version 11, improving Plutus performance, ledger consistency, and node security.
It is worth noting that Cardano activated the Van Rossem hard fork, becoming the first blockchain to be fully upgraded through an on-chain governance approval agreement.
The hard fork in the Van Rossem era laid the technical foundation for this transformation. This upgrade is not a complete replacement of the times, but introduces improvements while keeping Cardano in the Conway era, thereby reducing interference with wallets, exchanges, pledge pool operators and decentralized applications.
This hard fork lays the foundation for the next upgrade, the Dijkstra era hard fork, which will introduce the Ouroboros Leios protocol to Cardano.
What Dijkstra will bring
The Intersect, a member organization that coordinates the governance and development of the Cardano ecosystem, confirmed that protocol development, governance and technology delivery work in the Dijkstra era has been fully launched.
The initial deployment of Dijkstra is expected to take place in several phases, with the introduction of nested transactions, linear Leios and Peras.
The first phase will introduce nested transactions-a mechanism that allows transactions to be nested among each other to optimize resource management and reduce network load. Next is linear Leios, a linear version of the Ouroboros Leios protocol, which is the core of Cardano's expansion.
Leios achieved secure, phased throughput improvements on the main network, expanding current capacity to 2x to 30x, and was the first to verify full capacity on the test network.
The current goal of the Haskell node team is to deploy the first two phases-nested transactions and linear Leios-to the main network by the end of 2026, thereby enabling the progressive advancement of Dijkstra's key functions.
This phased approach aims to gradually unlock new capabilities and ensure network stability as the protocol evolves. The constitutional amendment is expected to come after the Dijkstra hard fork is completed.
With the advancement of the technology roadmap, governance activities are also heating up simultaneously. A parameter update action has been open to voting, the Constitutional Council election has been launched, and the Constitution Amendment Portal has released an Alpha version for community testing.

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