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ADA Cardano announced the Dijstra era upgrade plan, which is advanced in two phases.
Cardano has formulated a two-phase implementation plan for its next major agreement upgrade (the Dijstra era). The goal of the first phase is to complete code in the fourth quarter of 2026, and the second phase is planned to advance in the second quarter of 2027.
Phase 1: Linear Leios and Nested Transactions
The core of the first phase is the activation of Ouroboros Linear Leios, a new generation consensus protocol designed to significantly improve the network's base-layer throughput. By introducing additional endorsement blocks, it enables parallel processing of more transactions without sacrificing security and decentralization.
In addition to Leios, the first phase will also introduce a nested transaction feature that allows transactions to be packaged together, optimizing resource usage and reducing network load. Protection scripts and improved account addresses also fall within the scope of the first phase. The Haskell node team plans to deploy the first phase of functionality covering nested transactions and linear Leios to the Cardano main network by the end of 2026.
Phase 2: Uropolosperas and faster finality
Phase 2 will activate Peras through an intra-era hard fork in the second quarter of 2027. Perras will shorten the time it takes for a transaction to be deemed irreversible, thereby enhancing the finality of the transaction.
Neither of these two phases will be automatically launched. Before the main network is activated, they must pass rigorous testing and be approved by on-chain governance. This phased approach aims to gradually release new features and ensure network stability throughout the protocol's evolution.
The governance dimension is of far-reaching significance. Because upgrades like Ulopolos Leios will introduce new updatable protocol parameters, the Cardano Constitution requires that these parameters must be explicitly incorporated into the governance barrier before they can be changed through the on-chain process. Currently, voting on the update of new parameters has begun, and the election of the on-chain Constitutional Council is also in progress. Community members now have access to the Constitution Amendment Portal, which is in the alpha testing phase.
The Dijstra era follows the Van Rosen upgrade, which will be launched in July 2026. In the Van Rosen era, hard forks switched the network to protocol version 11 and brought improvements in Plutus performance, ledger consistency and node security, laying the technical foundation for Dijstra's subsequent deployment.
