堡垒银行获得 OCC 有条件批准，取得国家信托银行牌照

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Stablecoin基础设施提供商Bastion获得美国货币监理署（OCC）初步有条件批准，拟设立国家信托银行

Stablecoin基础设施提供商Bastion宣布，其已获得美国货币监理署（OCC）颁发的美国国家信托银行特许状（charter）的“初步有条件批准”。根据公司周五发布的公告，这一进展将使Bastion的业务在现有州级牌照的基础上，进一步接受联邦监管。尽管该特许状将增强Bastion的合规地位，但同时也明确了其业务限制：持牌信托银行不得吸收存款或发放贷款。这一限制使得该机构的定位更接近于受监管的托管与支付公用事业设施，而非传统的商业银行。

核心要点

Bastion获得了OCC关于美国国家信托银行特许状的初步有条件批准，从而将其现有州级许可纳入联邦监督体系之下。

该特许状允许Bastion作为受联邦监管的实体，开展稳定币托管、钱包服务、支付基础设施以及白标发行等业务。

获批的信托银行被禁止吸收存款或发放贷款，这使其与传统商业银行区分开来。

自2025年2月获得纽约州信托牌照以来，Bastion一直在为接受联邦监管做准备。

有条件特许状将带来哪些变化？

OCC的批准被描述为“初步”和“有条件”，通常意味着审批流程尚未最终完成。然而，公司将此举视为迈向更稳健治理和严格监管的重要一步——随着监管机构重点关注储备支持型代币的处理与控制方式，这一主题在稳定币领域日益普遍。

Bastion在公告中指出，OCC的角色将在其已有的州级许可之上叠加联邦监督。对于客户和商业合作伙伴而言，这一点至关重要，因为稳定币服务往往处于资产托管、支付轨道和运营控制的交汇点。在这些领域，监管机构通常期望比单一州框架提供更紧密、标准化的监管。

与此同时，申请文件中描述的实体并非旨在像全功能银行那样运作。Bastion表示，拟议的信托银行不得吸收存款或提供贷款。这种界定表明，该特许状旨在增强托管和发行相关活动的可靠性，而非扩展到零售或信贷产品。

一个受监管的稳定币运营平台

Bastion计划以“Bastion Platforms National Trust Company”的名义获得许可。如果特许状流程最终获得批准，这家受联邦监管的实体将支持一系列专注于稳定币的服务，包括：

稳定币托管与钱包解决方案
支付基础设施
白标稳定币发行

The "single entity" model is particularly important in the stablecoin ecosystem. In the stablecoin ecosystem, infrastructure providers often coordinate multiple functions-holding assets, managing keys, enabling transfers, and facilitating issuance. Integrating more of these functions under a federally regulated umbrella structure can simplify counterparty compliance expectations and reduce the operational handovers involved in the value transfer process.

Nassim Eddequiouqa, CEO of Bastion, said that stablecoins have transformed from emerging technologies to "core financial infrastructure", which requires "different standards of trust, governance capabilities and regulatory rigour."

How Bastion prepares for federal regulation

Bastion said that since obtaining a New York State Trust License in February 2025, the company has been committed to federal supervision. This timing point suggests that the company's current steps at the OCC level are part of long-term regulatory construction rather than a sudden strategic shift.

The company's past financing also reflects investor interest in stablecoin track infrastructure. Previous reports showed that Bastion was led by Coinbase Ventures, with the participation of Sony, the investment subsidiary of South Korean mobile phone manufacturer Samsung, Andreessen Horowitz's encryption division and crypto venture capital firm Hashed, completing a US$14.6 million financing round. While early financing rounds do not determine the regulatory outcome, it suggests that market participants are supporting stablecoin infrastructure providers that aim to operate in a manner closer to regulated financial institutions. As stablecoin adoption increases and compliance requirements tighten, this approach is becoming increasingly attractive.

Banking charter boom in crypto infrastructure

Bastion's progress on the OCC comes amid a wave of widespread interest among crypto companies seeking digital assets to serve the U.S. bank or trust charter path. It has been previously reported that Ripple received conditional approval for a similar charter. In addition, Circle and BitGo have each received final approval of the results of their respective national trust banks-highlighted in relevant reports from Circle and in BitGo's company statement, which said it "became the first public digital asset infrastructure company to have a federal charter."

另有报道称，包括Kraken母公司Payward、ZeroHash和Block在内的多家加密相关企业已申请特许状路径。对于投资者和运营商而言，这种申请的聚集具有重要意义，因为它发出了一种共同策略的信号：将稳定币和数字资产服务从定义松散的基础设施转移到受监管的框架中，以支持更主流的金融整合。每个案例之间的关键差异可能在于允许活动的范围（如托管与吸收存款的区别），以及监管机构如何评估治理、控制和运营准备情况。

在Bastion的案例中，据报道拟议信托银行不能吸收存款或发放贷款，这设定了清晰的边界：该特许状旨在服务于托管、钱包、支付基础设施和发行，而非传统银行业务产品。