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ETH Vitalik Buterin proposes Diamond iO privacy framework to help untrusted blockchain applications
Vitalik Buterin proposed Diamond iO, a proposed cryptographic framework designed to run cryptographic software without exposing code or keys. This solution can realize voting on the private chain, secure key management, and artificial intelligence to protect privacy through cryptographic computing.
Buterin said that Diamond iO is still an early research proposal that requires further optimization, peer review and technology development.
Diamond iO Extended Privacy Design
According to Vitalik Buterin, Diamond iO combines fully homomorphic encryption with an improved attribute-based encryption scheme. The proposal allows encryption programs to process information while concealing their internal operating logic.
Notably, Buterin claims that this approach reduces execution requirements from a "general-level" timescale to a "planet-level" timescale. However, he described the framework as a research proposal that still requires further research and peer review.
Under the proposal, Diamond iO can support a variety of blockchain applications without revealing sensitive data, including voting on the private chain, use of secure private keys, decentralized software licensing, and privacy-focused artificial intelligence systems.
The proposal also describes a trustless infrastructure that allows developers to build Web3 services without revealing operational secrets. At the same time, the blockchain network will continue to verify the execution process, while encryption programs protect confidential information.
Focus shifts to voting and security infrastructure
According to Buterin, a major use case is the need to rely on private chain voting at a central counting agency. Encryption software will be responsible for counting votes and publishing the results, while protecting the privacy of the votes.
Current blockchain governance typically exposes voting activity in wallets, while the proposed framework aims to keep voting choices confidential throughout the process.
The proposal also builds on previous privacy research. Early schemes, including minimum anti-collusion infrastructure and Interfold, relied on zero-knowledge proof, fully homomorphic encryption, and threshold encryption.
Unlike commission-based systems, Diamond iO aims to eliminate trust assumptions by hiding the program logic itself. As a result, applications can process encrypted information without revealing underlying code or sensitive credentials.
Proposal faces technical challenges
Despite the above advantages, Buterin acknowledges that there are a number of technical limitations. Diamond iO requires a large amount of computing resources and runs under strict circuit depth constraints.
Therefore, additional optimizations and academic reviews are still needed before actual deployment. Buterin said the framework represents a new step in the ongoing research of privacy-protecting cryptographic systems in Ethereum and the broader Web3 infrastructure.
