Bolivia commits to establish a regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies to curb illicit capital outflows
As part of its economic plan with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Bolivia has committed to developing a regulatory and supervisory framework for cryptocurrencies. The government aims to limit illegal capital outflows through digital asset markets.
Regulatory Framework and Economic Planning Background
According to the Economic and Financial Policy Memorandum released on September 10, the Bolivian Ministry of Economy and Public Finance has included supervision of virtual assets, covering reforms in areas such as monetary policy, foreign exchange markets, pension risks, and anti- money laundering control. The document calls for the establishment of a "sound" virtual asset regulatory and supervisory framework to reduce the risk of undue capital outflows and protect financial resilience.
Currently, the plan has not set a specific implementation deadline, nor has it clearly designated a single agency responsible for the supervision of the industry. The move is part of a 36-month economic plan reached between Bolivia and the IMF. In July this year, IMF staff reached an agreement with the Bolivian authorities to extend the financing mechanism, which will take effect after approval by the IMF Executive Board. The plan covers fiscal policy, foreign exchange reform, international reserves, financial supervision and measures to strengthen anti- money laundering controls.
Tackling the US dollar shortage and the popularization of USDT
在美元短缺和外汇储备压力的背景下,玻利维亚的加密货币使用率显著上升。USDT(泰达币)因居民和企业寻求美元计价的替代方案而变得尤为突出。Tether首席执行官Paolo Ardoino于今年8月表示,在包括玻利维亚在内的多个经历货币不稳定的经济体中,稳定币的使用正在增加。
据Chainalysis数据引用,2022年7月至2025年6月期间,玻利维亚记录的加密活动总额估计为148亿美元。此前,玻利维亚央行基于Binance上加权点对点交易活动发布了参考性的USDT汇率。
与此同时,政府正在考虑赋予稳定币更正式的角色。官员们正在评估一项计划,允许USDT与玻利维亚诺和美元一起在国家支付系统中运行。今年7月有报道指出,该提案将允许USDT作为支付选项,而当地贷款机构Banco Unión和Banco FIE已经提供与稳定币相关的服务。此外,早在2025年3月,国有能源公司YPFB就获得了政府授权,使用加密货币进行燃料进口,因为美元短缺使得传统支付变得更加困难。
稳定币对资本管制构成挑战
随着国际金融机构审视美元支持的稳定币如何与发展中国家的外汇限制相互作用,玻利维亚对资本流动的担忧日益加剧。7月的一项研究发现,稳定币流入对传统的资本管制反应微弱。国际清算银行(BIS)研究人员考察了130多个经济体的资金流动,并将稳定币活动与外币银行存款进行了比较。
研究指出,在面临通货膨胀、国内货币疲软或外汇获取有限的国家,对美元支持代币的使用正在增长。稳定币可以通过区块链网络转移,无需依赖用于传统外币交易的银行渠道。IMF在今年8月提出了相关问题,警告称如果用户可以在链上在国内代币和美元支持资产之间移动,本地发行的稳定币可能会使获取数字美元变得更加容易。据IMF引用的数据显示,近99%的稳定币以美元计价。
反洗钱合规与FATF监测
反洗钱改革也是政府金融部门承诺的一部分。玻利维亚目前仍处于金融行动特别工作组(FATF)的“灰名单”加强监测之下。该国于2025年6月作出了高级别政治承诺,将与FATF及拉丁美洲反洗钱金融行动工作组合作,解决其反洗钱和反恐融资系统中的弱点。
FATF在2026年6月的审查中指出,玻利维亚虽取得进展,但仍需完成多项措施。当局被要求加强指定非金融领域的风险导向监督,强制执行受益所有权要求的制裁,并根据国家风险增加洗钱调查和起诉。FATF关于虚拟资产的标准要求各国识别并解决与该行业相关的洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险。
玻利维亚的备忘录呼吁提高国家反洗钱和反恐融资系统的有效性,同时金融监管机构加强对虚拟资产的监督。然而,政府尚未公布 planned 加密框架的制度结构、立法途径或实施时间表。

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