以太坊Gas费降至一美分：Gwei和Etherscan对您的ERC20转账意味着什么

以太坊网络上的简单以太转账：费用解析与实操指南

2026年9月27日协调世界时18:44，以太坊网络上的一笔简单以太（ETH）转账费用约为1美分。这是大多数读者来到这里想要知道的最直接答案。而更深层的原因则解释了为何在某些日子里，同样的转账费用会高出百倍；如何提前预判而非事后知晓费用高低；以及在转账未到账时，应在Etherscan上查看哪些信息。本指南是我们关于主要区块链网络系列文章的第三篇；第一篇介绍了在波场（Tron）网络上通过TRC20发送USDT，第二篇探讨了BNB Chain的实用性。

以太（ETH）的双重角色

以太（ETH）具有双重用途：它既是投资资产，也是操作资源。任何在以太坊上持有代币但地址中没有ETH余额的用户，都无法进行任何移动。这也是大多数新手尝试失败的主要原因。

以太坊Gas费详解：Gas、Gwei与一行公式

什么是Gas？

Gas是以太坊网络衡量交易所需工作量的计量单位。网络上的每笔操作都对应一个固定的Gas价格：无论您发送的是两欧元还是两百万，一笔简单的以太转账始终消耗恰好21,000个Gas。调用智能合约则需要更多的Gas，因为这涉及更多的计算过程。

什么是Gwei？

Gwei is the corresponding price unit. 1 Gwei is equal to one billionth of ether, which is 0.00000001 ETH. "Gwei" means "giga-wei", where Wei is the smallest unit in the network. Prices are quoted in Gwei, because if the decimal point of ether has an unreadable string of zeros, it will be extremely difficult to read.

The arithmetic logic behind the calculation formula

can be condensed into a single line of formula: Number of Gas used × Gas price (Gwei)= total charge for Ethereum billing . The cost factors you can influence are included only in these two variables.

Basic fees, priority fees and Gas caps: A detailed explanation of three key numbers

Since the 2021 fee reform, according to the EIP-1559 proposal, Gas prices consist of two parts:

• Basic fees (Base Fee): The protocol automatically calculates and destroys the base fee based on the usage of the previous block, so this fee will not flow to anyone.
• Priority Fee: This is an extra fee added to the base fee and is paid to the validator who packages your transactions into the block. Users eager to complete a transaction often increase the fee for this part.

Gas Limit: This is the maximum amount you can release for a single transaction. If the actual Gas consumed by the transaction is less than the set value, the difference will be refunded to you. If the setting is too low, execution will be interrupted halfway, causing the transaction to fail, and the consumed Gas will also not be refunded. Therefore, it is generally recommended to use the upper limit preset by the wallet rather than manually entering the value.

Current Ethereum Gas fee status: Our measured data

Copying Gas prices from articles makes no sense because they change every minute. The following provides timestamped measured data, which you can trace back:

• Block 26,070,627 (18:37 UTC): Base cost 0.130 Gwei, utilization rate 46.56 /60 million Gas
• Block 26,070,659 (18:44 UTC): Base cost 0.169 Gwei, utilization rate 32.03 /60 million Gas

These two blocks are separated by 396 seconds, spanning 32 blocks, with an average of about 12 seconds per block. Two conclusions can be drawn from this:

1. Despite the decline in utilization, the base fee still increased by 30% within 7 minutes. Data from individual blocks is insufficient to reflect the overall trend.
2. The block Gas limit is 60 million Gas. This limit will be increased from 45 million to 60 million in the Fusaka upgrade in December 2025. With the same demand, having more space per block means lower basic costs.

Actual transfer cost based on this base fee

Assuming a base fee of 0.17 Gwei, a medium priority fee of 0.05 Gwei, and an ether price of 2,359.43 euros (Data source: CoinGecko, September 27, 2026), the three most common situations are as follows:

• Simple ETH transfer (21,000 Gas): approximately 1.1 cents
• Decentralized exchange exchange exchange (About 150,000 Gas): About 8 cents
• Simple transfer in busy market periods (20 Gwei): About 99 cents

The huge difference between the first and last lines is the focus of this article. The size of the fee depends almost entirely on the network load and has little to do with the amount you transfer. In turbulent times, people who can delay trading for two hours save more money than people who adjust any wallet settings.

The cost of ERC20 token transfers (i.e. sending tokens instead of ether) is higher than the 21,000 Gas for simple transfers because smart contracts need to be executed en route. The specific fee is approximately two to three times that of a simple transfer, depending on the target token contract and whether the token was previously held at the receiving address.

The importance of wallets and Chain ID required for Ethereum

Ethereum is pre-configured in all common software wallets. Unlike smaller chains, there is no need to manually add networks here, and unless you don't trust the default provider, you don't need your own RPC endpoint. Which wallet you choose depends largely on the amount of money you want to keep at that address; our comparison of software wallets ranks common applications by availability, supported network and security features.

Chain ID is an identification number used by a wallet to clearly distinguish between different networks. Ethereum's Chain ID is 1, which is a reliable indicator of whether you are actually on the main network rather than the replica or test network. The addresses look the same in all EVM networks, and it is the Chain ID that distinguishes them.

In practice, this means that the same address exists on Ethereum, BNB Chain, Arbitrum, and a dozen other networks. Balances left on the wrong network usually remain intact but are temporarily invisible. The steps taken in this case are detailed in our overview of switching between different blockchains.

Transfer Ether to the network: Exchange withdrawals, official bridges and intention bridges

There are two clean paths to transfer balances to your own Ethereum address:

1. Exchange withdrawals: 直接从交易所提现至网络。您在提现界面明确选择以太坊作为网络，并支付由交易所设定的提现费。这笔费用与真正的Gas费无关，且在提供商之间差异显著，有时同一服务的费用相差十倍。
2. 桥接服务（Bridge）：一种将余额从一个网络转移到另一个网络的服务。官方桥接（Canonical Bridge）由网络本身运营；意图桥接（Intent Bridge）则是第三方，它立即垫付目标余额，并在后台以自己的账户走较慢的路径。前者通常更安全，后者更快。

Layer 2还是主网：何时绕行更便宜

Layer 2（二层网络）是一个独立的网络，它以捆绑形式在以太坊上保障其结果，因此收取极低的费用。对于频繁的小额交易，切换到Layer 2几乎总是划算的。代价是返回时的等待时间：某些网络上从Layer 2提款到主网需要几天时间，界面上显示的“已确认”并不意味着资金可用。如何解读这些截止日期，我们在关于Layer 2提款等待时间的单独指南中已有详细说明。

经验法则：如果您一次性转移较大金额并打算长期留存，应选择主网。如果您计划进行许多小额交易，那么在Layer 2上节省的费用将超过一次性的桥接成本。

阅读Etherscan：查找交易ID、状态和代币转账

区块浏览器（Block Explorer）是区块链的搜索引擎：它实时显示网络上的所有地址、交易和合约。对于以太坊，Etherscan是使用最广泛的，而Blockscout作为开源替代品使用相同的数据源。两者读取相同的区块链，因此不同浏览器之间的数据差异始终是显示问题，而非余额问题。

实践中有四个字段至关重要：

• 交易ID（Transaction ID/Hash）：操作的唯一标识符；您的钱包在发送后会显示它，这是重新查找任何交易的依据。
• 状态（Status）：位于交易ID下方，有三种状态：待处理（Pending）、成功（Successful）、失败（Failed）。
• 代币转账（Token Transfers）：显示交易移动的代币，在兑换操作中可能比预期的行数更多。
• 授权标签（Approvals Tab）：列出您的地址授予了访问权限的合约。

失败的状态是最常见的意外情况。此时交易已记录在区块链上，Gas也已支付，但预期操作并未发生。在这种情况下，余额并未消失；它 simply 从未离开过您的地址。

Gas追踪器与网络负载：自主选择时机

The browser's Gas Tracker displays current base fees and priority fee estimates required for quick confirmation. Check that number before making an expensive transaction, rather than after you have used the maximum leverage. The pattern over the week shows that utilization follows trading hours, with higher fees in the morning and afternoon in the United States than in the middle. However, the only reliable number is the instant number you see when making a transaction.

Common ERC20 transfer failures

ERC20 is the standard that almost all tokens on Ethereum follow: a set of defined functions that make token contracts have to provide these functions so that wallets and exchanges can operate without special processing. The vast majority of tokens on USDT, USDC and Ethereum are ERC20 tokens. When processing them, three duplicate errors occur:

1. Wrong network was selected when withdrawing USDT: If a different network than Ethereum was mistakenly selected when withdrawing USDT from an exchange, the token will be credited to the same address, but will only appear in the wallet after switching networks. Non-EVM compatible networks are another situation: the address formats do not match and withdrawals will indeed be lost. Therefore, the selection in the exchange withdrawal window is the most important step in the entire operation.
2. No Ether payment fee: Tokens do not pay their own fees. Users who have 500 USDTs on the new address but do not have ETH cannot forward these USDTs. As a result, each actively used address must retain a small amount of ether balance; at current prices, the equivalent of a few euros is enough to cover dozens of transactions.
3. Fake tokens in the overview: Anyone can set the token contract name at will and send the balance to someone else's address. These deliverables appear in wallets and browsers without request and often carry the names of well-known projects. The name itself cannot prove anything. What is important is the Contract Address , which is the address of the smart contract behind the token. Before touching the token you receive, please compare it with the number on the official project page. Redeeming counterfeit tokens is often the main entry point for losses.

Revoke token authorization on Ethereum: Keep open access

Anyone who exchanges on a decentralized exchange will grant a contract in advance Approval : Allow a certain amount of tokens to be deducted from their address. This authority will not expire with the end of the redemption. Many applications request unlimited authorization, and it will remain as long as you don't proactively revoke it.

这不是理论上的危险。如果批准的合约后来因安全漏洞受到攻击，攻击者可以扣除您旧授权所涵盖的确切金额。这正是2026年9月Magic Eden和Limit Break事件中大额损失的原因。撤销是一笔普通交易，在当前Gas费率下仅需几分钱；如何逐步清理以及如何识别高风险授权，详见我们关于撤销代币授权的指南。

撤销仅保护针对这一条攻击线。它对泄露的助记词或盲目确认的签名没有帮助。最严格的隔离仍然是将日常操作的金额与存储在从不连接应用程序的设备上的金额分开。

智能账户与委托：您的地址可能发生的变化

自2025年5月的Pectra升级以来，普通的以太坊地址现在可以存储代码，从而表现得像智能合约一样。相应的标准称为EIP-7702。这对于将多个步骤捆绑到一笔交易中或由其他账户支付费用的钱包很有用。当您的地址上存在您未设置的委托时，它会变得有风险：存储的代码随后可以像共同签名权一样运作。

浏览器会告诉您这一点。拥有存储代码的地址会在合约标签上显示出来，而普通地址则留空。每次更新钱包或与不熟悉的应用程序交互后，这五秒钟的瞥视都值得。

税务与文档：从浏览器保存哪些数据

对于德国税务局来说，将一种代币兑换为另一种代币被视为《所得税法》第23条下的处置行为，即使没有欧元换手。您支付的以太币费用通常会减少收益，但前提是必须有文档记录。区块链为每个人永久且可验证地提供这种文档，但它不会为其分配获取日期或价格。

在实践中，这意味着为每笔相关交易保存交易ID、日期、移动的数量和支付的费用。投资组合跟踪器通过地址自动读取这些数据并计算持有期；对于个别转账，浏览器的导出就足够了。

以太坊实践总结

• 首次转账前比较两侧费用：您的交易所提现费通常高于网络上的Gas费，且在提供商之间差异很大。我们的加密货币交易所比较列表详细列出了提现条款。
• 每次转账后在浏览器中查看状态并保存数据：交易ID、日期、数量和费用应尽早存入您的个人记录中。如何永久自动化此过程，请参阅我们的税务工具和组合跟踪器比较。
• 清除旧的授权并将大额持仓移出日常设备：撤销只需几分钱，而单独的保管需要一个设备。哪种方法适合您的需求，详见我们的硬件钱包比较。