U.S. House Financial Services Committee promotes "Strategic Bitcoin Reserve" legislation
On September 16, 2026, the U.S. House Financial Services Committee passed the revised H.R. with a vote of 28 in favor and 21 against. Bill 8957, and recommends that it be submitted to the entire court for review. The bill aims to formalize a "strategic bitcoin reserve" at the federal level into law.
Core Summary
- Voting Results: A total of 28 members of the committee support H.R. Bill 8957, 21 members opposed the revised bitcoin reserve legislation.
- Holding period: Bitcoin deposited in the proposed Federal Reserve will have a minimum holding period of 20 years.
- Changes to the reporting system: In an alternative amendment passed on Wednesday, the originally specified quarterly public certification report has been changed to an annual report.
- Procurement Research: The Departments of Finance and Commerce will be required to study how to achieve budget-neutral Bitcoin acquisitions without borrowing, imposing new taxes, or increasing deficit spending.
- State Storage Options: States have the option to store Bitcoin in a segregated reserve account at the Treasury Department while retaining legal ownership of positions.
Legislative background and procedures
根据金融服务委员会的官方记录,周三审议的措施包括《2026年美国储备现代化法案》(American Reserve Modernization Act of 2026,简称ARMA)。威斯康星州共和党议员布莱恩·斯蒂尔(Bryan Steil)提出了替代修正案,该修正案先经口头表决通过,随后委员会以记录投票方式(FC-317)批准了修改后的法案。
该法案由阿拉斯加州民主党议员尼克·贝吉奇(Nick Begich)于5月21日提出,缅因州民主党议员贾里德·戈登(Jared Golden)作为共同发起人。贝吉奇的办公室表示,该措施旨在集中管理联邦数字资产托管权,并要求政府对相关资产进行会计记录。
法案主要条款详解
建立战略储备与数字资产库存
根据众议院公布的委员会替代方案,财政部长将为符合条件的联邦比特币设立“战略比特币储备”,并为符合条件的非比特币数字资产设立单独的“数字资产库存”。该储备涵盖通过刑事或民事程序最终没收的比特币,或通过某些民事处罚获得的比特币,但需受现有法律索赔和没收要求的约束。
长期持有限制:
存入储备的比特币自法案生效之日起至少需持有20年。在此期间,法案规定不得出售、交换、拍卖、抵押或以其他方式处置这些资产。在持有期结束前两年,财政部必须向国会提交建议,说明政府是否应继续持有这些资产或允许受控释放。
后期处置机制:
20年期满后,财政部长可建议在任意两年内出售储备资产的10%。法案指示财政部在做出此类建议时,需考虑国家赤字、比特币的长期可行性、可能的市场影响以及联邦政府的财务状况。
提前出售研究:
在法案生效一年内,财政部需单独研究在20年期限届满前允许出售的条件,包括涉及国家安全或金融稳定的情况。修正后的语言要求提供立法建议,而非赋予财政部自动豁免权。
监管理由与托管优化
贝吉奇议员认为,政府持有的比特币不应“分散且不一致地存放”。金融服务委员会主席弗兰奇·希尔(French Hill)在周三的审议中表示,该措施将使联邦持有的资产处于“财政部托管和一致监督之下”。这些声明代表了立法者推动该法案的公开理由。
报告要求的变化
周三通过的版本与原H.R. 8957号法案在几个方面有所不同。早期文本要求每季度发布公共储备证明报告,这在法案引入时的媒体报道中有所体现。
斯蒂尔提出的修正案改变了这一时间表。财政部将发布年度报告,详细说明储备持仓、交易及私钥控制情况。报告将由具备密码学证明专业知识的独立第三方审计师验证,而美国政府总审计长(Comptroller General)将进行持续监督。
机构会计要求:
联邦机构将面临单独的会计要求。在法案生效后60天内,以及此后每年,机构负责人必须向财政部提供其持有、扣押或以其他方式控制的比特币及其他数字资产的完整账目。
资产转移:
在正式建立储备和库存之前,若可行且符合现行法律,机构应将符合条件的资产转移至财政部。一旦结构建立,其余符合条件的持仓必须在30天内转移,使用旨在保持可追溯性和可审计性的托管程序。
例外情况:
法案保留了与现有没收法相关的例外条款。在临时托管期间,符合条件的比特币或其他数字资产通常不得出售或抵押,除非法律要求、法院命令、出于国家安全需要或归还给可识别的犯罪受害者。
关于新增比特币购买的界定
修正后的立法并未命令财政部购买固定数量的比特币。相反,财政部和商务部将获得180天的时间,研究使用预算中性方法收购额外BTC的风险、成本和潜在收益。
委员会文本中列出的潜在机制包括:涉及数字资产库存中非比特币资产的交易、通过没收或和解获得的比特币,以及涉及州、私人实体或国际合作伙伴的合作安排。任何提案都必须评估其对纳税人、联邦政府和国家债务的全部成本。
替代方案明确指出,该研究不授权借贷、开征新税、赤字支出或将联邦资产作为抵押品来资助比特币购买。财政部和商务部将在180天内向相关的众议院和参议院委员会提交报告。
这一结构与贝吉奇参议员和辛西娅·卢米斯(Cynthia Lummis)参议员此前单独提出的《BITCOIN法案》不同,后者提议在五年内收购100万枚比特币。正如先前报道所述,ARMA放弃了固定的百万枚比特币收购目标,转而侧重于20年持有要求和预算中性收购研究。
各州的参与选项
According to ARMA, states have another option. Within a year after the bill takes effect, the Treasury Department will establish a voluntary program that allows states to store their bitcoins in segregated accounts within the strategic bitcoin reserve. Participating states will retain ownership of their Bitcoin and related forked or airdropped assets and maintain the program by paying service fees.
The latest committee text does not mention that states will store bitcoin at the Federal Reserve, but places the program within a strategic bitcoin reserve framework managed by the Treasury Department.
Existing reserves established by Trump Executive Order
President Donald Trump established the current strategic Bitcoin reserve through an Executive Order of March 6, 2025. The executive order directs the Treasury Department to create reserves using the eventually confiscated bitcoins and stipulates that bitcoins deposited in them cannot be sold. It also created a separate "U.S. Digital Asset Inventory" for non-Bitcoin assets.
The executive order directs federal agencies to account for their digital asset holdings and allows the Treasury and Commerce Departments to develop budget-neutral strategies for acquiring additional bitcoins. Subsequent White House digital assets report showed that the Treasury Department had delivered legal and investment considerations about the reserve and was working with other federal officials to advance implementation.
If ARMA is passed, many elements of the framework will become federal law. Unlike executive orders, the resulting provisions cannot simply be repealed through subsequent presidential executive action; changes to the law often require the support of another bill of Congress. However, the proposed legislation has not yet become law.
公众估算与官方储备的区别
联邦比特币持仓的公众估算应与官方储备会计分开处理。Arkham的研究在8月份确定,与其关联的美国政府地址中约有325,000枚BTC。Arkham的数据是链上估算值,而非财政部审计结果,且与政府相关的钱包可能包含具有不同没收、赔偿或托管状态的资产。
公共钱包追踪器无法确定法定储备的确切规模,因为一些由政府控制的资产可能仍受法律索赔或赔偿要求的约束。目前没有任何相当于ARMA所设想的财政部储备证明报告,已将325,000枚BTC确认为储备的官方余额。
H.R. 8957号法案后续进展
委员会以口头表决通过了斯蒂尔的替代文本,并以28比21的票数拒绝了排名成员马克辛·沃特斯(Maxine Waters)提出的另一项修正案,最终以28比21的票数建议通过修改后的H.R. 8957号法案。会议记录将最终投票标识为FC-317。
委员会批准并不等同于众议院全体通过。H.R. 8957号法案仍需经过众议院全院审议和批准、参议院以相同形式通过,并由总统签署后才能生效。截至9月17日审查的官方记录中,尚未发生众议院全体通过的情况。
If enacted in the current form approved by the committee, the Treasury Department would face several legal deadlines: 60 days for federal asset accounting, 180 days for establishing reserves and inventories, 180 days for budget-neutral acquisition studies, and one year for creating a voluntary state trusteeship plan.

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