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稳定币从加密货币交易迈向支付基础设施

2026-09-23 04:11:51
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稳定币深入金融基础设施:SoFi与Binance的双向布局

9月22日公布的这两笔交易,从两个相反的方向将稳定币更深地嵌入金融基础设施之中。SoFi银行通过万事达卡(Mastercard)将其年化规模达250亿美元的消费卡项目迁移至SoFiUSD结算体系;与此同时,币安(Binance)向Circle投资了1亿美元,并签署了一份为期五年的协议,旨在扩大USDC的分发渠道。前者让银行发行的稳定币背后支撑起卡片支付业务,后者则为USDC打通了一条通往加密行业最大分发网络之一的深层路径。

这两项公告的关键在于,它们并不依赖于说服消费者用新的支付体验取代美元。相反,稳定币正被更紧密地植入到已经处理卡片交易、储蓄和投资产品的现有基础设施中。这两个交易针对的是不同的瓶颈:SoFiUSD侧重于结算环节,而USDC侧重于分发环节。

SoFi将250亿美元卡片活动迁移至稳定币轨道

SoFi银行正在将其借记卡和信用卡项目迁移至基于万事达卡支付网络的SoFiUSD结算体系,该项目涉及的年化交易量超过250亿美元。双方表示,首批链上交易已正式上线运行。

需要澄清的是,这250亿美元并非指消费者直接花费的SoFiUSD金额,而是指正在迁移至新结算系统的卡片交易基础规模。对于持卡用户而言,支付体验依然保持传统惯例。稳定币介入于交易生命周期的后期阶段,即金融机构对由卡片活动产生的资金进行结算的环节。

SoFiUSD由SoFi Bank, N.A.发行。双方早在今年3月就宣布计划整合万事达卡的结算系统,如今这一未来的实施计划已进入生产环境。这种结构还消除了商户自建加密货币运营需求。商户可以通过现有的金融接口接收资金,而稳定币则在结算层运作。

这一区别使得此次发布比另一种在结账时提供的加密货币支付选项更具意义。SoFi正在测试区块链结算技术能否在不要求客户或商户改变付款或收款方式的前提下,无缝插入到传统的卡片产品之下。万事达卡一直在为此类模型的更广泛版本做准备,其稳定币结算基础设施正在扩展,以支持多种受监管的美元代币,而非依赖单一发行方。

Binance为USDC分发注入1亿美元资本

Circle faces a different type of problem. Binance has made a $100 million strategic equity investment in Circle and renewed its commercial relationship for five years, a partnership that aims in part to expand USDC adoption in emerging markets. The relationship between the two parties predates this investment, and Circle and Binance established a strategic partnership in December 2024 to increase the availability of USDC in Binance products and services.

The new agreement strengthens the relationship between the two parties in terms of both time and financial depth. Binance plans to further integrate USDC in its savings and investment products and provide incentives including reducing fees for USDC-denominated transactions. The equity component also changes the alignment of interests: Binance is no longer just a market where USDC flows, its $100 million investment gives it direct financial exposure to Circle itself.

This is crucial for Circle, as competition for stablecoins increasingly depends on the actual usage scenarios of the token. Supply alone cannot create distribution channels. Exchanges provide transaction pairs and liquidity, banks provide institutional access, payment companies provide settlement channels, and wallets and blockchains provide the underlying infrastructure that connects them. Binance provides Circle with another large distribution terminal.

Circle builds ecosystem around tokens

这笔交易也契合Circle基础设施更广泛的扩张战略。Circle正在通过机构托管、跨境支付及其Arc区块链,将USDC的应用范围扩展到交易所交易之外。这些举措扩大了USDC作为结算或流动性资产发挥作用的应用场景,而不仅仅是作为存储在加密交易所中的美元余额。

这种策略创造了可以从不同维度衡量的网络效应,而不仅仅是看稳定币的市值。闲置的一美元USDC有助于增加供应量;而同一美元在交易、支付或结算中被反复使用,则有助于提升交易活动量,进而增强整个网络的实用性。

这使得分发对Circle的经济模型变得愈发重要。币安提供了交易所用户和投资产品的接入渠道,而Circle的银行和支付关系则瞄准其他领域的机构和交易用例。

结算与分发现在拥有独立的评估指标

9月22日的公告构成了稳定币采用的两个异常清晰的测试案例。对于SoFi而言,首要观察指标是链上结算量与其250亿美元年化卡片项目的比例。这将显示随着实施的推进,多少常规支付活动实际迁移到了SoFiUSD体系中。第二个测试是复制性:如果更多的万事达卡参与者或使用SoFi基础设施的金融机构加入采用,则表明该模式可以超越银行自身的卡片组合。

Circle则有完全不同的评估标准。币安上的USDC余额和交易活动、在币安储蓄和投资产品中的采用情况,以及五年协议所针对的新兴市场的增长情况,将显示该合作伙伴关系是否产生了可衡量的分发效果,而不仅仅是一次普通的企业合作。

必须明确区分的是:1亿美元的投资本身不应与USDC的采用混为一谈,它是投入Circle的股权资本;同样,SoFi的250亿美元数字也不应被误解为稳定币供应量,它代表的是迁移至新结算基础设施的年化卡片交易量。正是这些细微的区别,使得这两笔交易结合在一起显得尤为有价值。SoFi正在测试有多少现有的支付活动能够迁移至稳定币轨道;Circle正在测试当分发网络扩大时,稳定币能捕获多少额外的活动量。

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