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加密货币不再等待国会,转而学会拥抱监管者

2026-09-27 04:16:22
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Cryptocurrency regulatory strategy shift: From legislative deadlock to executive leadership

In the past two years, the cryptocurrency industry's Washington lobbying strategy has always centered around a core word: "Clarity". The general logic in the industry is that as long as a market structure bill is passed, other problems will be solved. However, the strategy has hit bottlenecks and the industry's focus has now shifted from Congress to federal regulators.

Last week, the Senate failed to advance the Clarity Act by a 49 - 50 vote. This comprehensive market structure bill, which has been in the works for more than a year, is far from the required 60-vote threshold. After months of negotiations, Democrats voted collectively against the controversy over ethics provisions related to President Donald Trump's encryption business, and three other Republicans joined them. The bill's main architect, Senator Cynthia Loomis, said there is little hope of passage during the year.

However, the failure of the bill did not stop the rule-making process, but instead led it in a new direction. In just 48 hours, federal regulators set about filling the vacuum.

SEC takes the lead: establishing independent regulatory authority

美国证券交易委员会(SEC)率先采取了最引人注目的行动。主席保罗·阿特金斯(Paul Atkins)在介绍针对数字资产的新“创新豁免”时,直接回应了《清晰法案》的失败。该框架允许符合条件的交易平台在不注册为全国性证券交易所的情况下,在链上交易代币化的美国股票。这是迄今为止最明确的信号,表明该机构打算利用其自身权限制定加密政策,而非等待立法者的行动。

CFTC并行推进:放宽衍生品访问限制

商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)也不甘落后,正在多条轨道上同步推进。CFTC工作人员发布了一项不执行立场(no-action position),允许被动软件提供商——包括加密钱包应用程序——让用户访问受监管的衍生品,而无需注册为介绍经纪人。此外,该机构还将一份更广泛的加密市场监管规则提交给白宫审查,尽管文本尚未公开。

美联储跟进:完善稳定币监管框架

随后,美联储也加入了这一行列。周四,这家中央银行提出了新规,要求由其监督的稳定币发行方必须用安全、高流动性的资产全额支持其代币,并为操作风险持有资本。这是GENIUS法案(由唐纳德·特朗普总统于2025年签署的稳定币法律)多机构 rollout 的一部分。与此同时,货币监理署(OCC)也在加紧完成自身的稳定币规则,力争在11月前定稿,以赶上1月的法定截止日期。

行业心态转变:接受“规则驱动”的现实

结果是,监管格局正由一项项规则逐步构建,而非依靠国会的单一立法行动。行业人物对此已 largely 达成和解。索拉纳政策研究所(Solana Policy Institute)总裁克里斯汀·史密斯表示,该行业目前“正转向寻求监管机构的指导”,并称这是“当下更可行的前进道路”。

隐忧与挑战:行政规则的脆弱性

但需要注意的是,与法律相比,机构规则制定过程更为缓慢,更容易在法庭上受到挑战,也更容易被未来的政府推翻。毕竟,没过多久之前,在加里·根斯勒(Gary Gensler)担任主席时期,SEC还是加密货币界最遭人憎恨的“反派”。在整个拜登政府期间,该机构推行了“执法即监管”的运动,令每一位加密高管都感到寒意刺骨。市场结构法的初衷,正是为了防止那段日子重演。

但在当下,行业不得不接受能得到的任何结果。目前,他们得到的是由此前持敌对态度的监管机构提供的“交通规则”,而非来自 arguably(可以说是最)对行业友好的国会的立法。这些规则能否长久维持,将是未来数月乃至数年的关键故事。

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