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欧盟监管机构警告：量子计算机或可破解加密货币锁

2026-09-23 21:44:57
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欧盟金融监管机构警告量子计算或威胁区块链加密安全

周三，欧盟金融监管机构发出警告称，量子计算的进步可能会威胁到保护区块链的加密技术。欧洲银行管理局、欧洲保险和职业养老金管理局以及欧洲证券和市场管理局在一份联合风险更新中指出，量子计算可能会破坏用于保障交易、通信和数据库安全的系统。

这一警告紧随谷歌量子人工智能（Google Quantum AI）更为详细的评估报告之后。今年3月，其研究人员估计，破解许多加密货币所使用的加密技术所需的物理量子比特数量可能比早期估计少约20倍。量子比特是量子计算机的基本单位。目前，尚不存在能够执行此类攻击的计算机。

对于加密货币持有者而言，担忧在于未来的量子计算机可能从暴露的公钥中推导出私钥，并利用该私钥授权交易。比特币开发者詹姆斯·洛普（Jameson Lopp）与五位联合开发者于2月提出了一项方案，建议逐步淘汰网络当前的签名机制，并在提案激活五年后限制未迁移资金的支出方式。然而，该提案尚未被采纳。

以太坊基金会则计划到2029年12月，通过在执行层、共识层和数据层全面增强，使以太坊具备抵御量子攻击的能力。

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