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Following印度虚拟数字资产年度审查进入尾声
印度财政常设委员会正在加紧完成关于虚拟数字资产（VDAs）的最终报告，这标志着始于2025年9月的研究即将收官。该委员会开展的题为《虚拟数字资产现状及未来展望》的研究，已广泛听取了各类机构的证词。
由印度人民党议员 Bhartruhari Mahtab 主持的委员会，听取了包括币安、WazirX、ZebPay、CoinDCX、CoinSwitch 和 Coinbase 在内的国内外交易所，以及金融情报组、中央直接税务委员会、财政部和公司事务部等政府部门的陈述。
周一的会议被描述为总结性讨论，但 Mahtab 明确表示，委员会尚未达成共识。他直白地阐述了委员会面临的核心困境：政府既不接受虚拟数字资产，又希望对其进行监管，而这种监管真空本身却为滥用行为留下了空间。“不加以监管，也为各种类型的放纵行为留下了更大的空间。”他说。
预计印度政府将于下周对加密货币政策作出回应，随后财政常设委员会将准备并提交正式报告。这份最终报告将成为印度立法者对虚拟数字资产采取监管、限制或维持当前不确定法律地位立场的最清晰信号之一。
监管空白由来已久
This regulatory gap is not new. Since 2022, India has imposed a 30% capital gains tax on virtual digital assets and implemented a 1% source withholding tax (TDS). It also requires cryptocurrency trading platforms to share transaction data with the central anti-money laundering agency, the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU).
However, India has always lacked written laws specifically regulating cryptocurrency trading, custody and investor protection.
The issue of UPI merchant rates is also on the agenda
In addition to the cryptocurrency discussion, MPs have also raised concerns about another development in India's digital payments space. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has introduced a Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) of 0.4% in partial person-to-merchant (P2M) UPI transactions for amounts exceeding Rs 2000. The new framework will enter into force on October 15, 2026.
Mahtab indicated that the issue of UPI rates may be formally raised at the next meeting of the committee. Within the payments ecosystem, person-to-person transfers remain free regardless of amount, while MDR applies to specified merchant transactions over Rs 2000. The government said consumers should not bear the cost of MDR, and under this framework, about 96% of personal-to-merchant transactions are unaffected.
Small and micro merchants with monthly income of up to Rs 100,000 through QR codes will be exempted from MDR fees on all transactions.
Broader governance challenges
这两个议题——加密货币监管和UPI费率——反映了印度政策制定者正在应对的一个更广泛的问题：如何在不妨碍普及或使消费者暴露于风险的前提下，治理快速发展的数字金融系统。
