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币安推出100倍杠杆外汇永续合约:德国允许什么

2026-09-20 03:29:16
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2026年9月21日:币安推出USDBRL永续合约,德国零售投资者能否参与?

2026年9月21日星期一协调世界时14:00,币安(Binance)将推出一款新的货币对永续合约:USDBRLUSDT(美元兑巴西雷亚尔),以USDT结算,杠杆最高可达100倍。对于“德国零售投资者是否被允许并应该交易该产品”这一问题的回答,比公告本身要简短得多。该产品的杠杆率远高于巴伐利亚州金融监管局(BaFin)允许零售客户在类似货币产品中使用的水平,且加密资产市场法案(MiCA)在此并不适用。

该交易所将该合约归类为其传统金融(TradFi)永续产品类别,并已宣布将进一步推出其他货币对。币安负责交易所和交易事务的Shunyet Jan在声明中为这一举措辩护称,外汇是全球最基础的市场之一,对冲策略和宏观观点可以在全天候表达。两周前,Bybit已经推出了欧元/美元、英镑/美元和美元/日元的24小时永续合约,同样以USDT结算,杠杆同样高达100倍。这里正在出现的是一个由加密货币规则主导的外汇市场。

9月21日推出的内容:USD/BRL作为永续合约

The contract is called USDBRLUSDT. It tracks the price of the U.S. dollar against the Brazilian real, but settlement occurs in the USDT rather than in the U.S. dollar or the real. You deposit stablecoins as collateral, trade currency pairs through it, and any gains and losses will be credited to your account in the form of USDT. The price you bet is not linked to your collateral balance.

Trading is continuous, including weekends. This is precisely its selling point. The classic forex market closed on Friday and reopened on Sunday night. During this period, people who want to respond to the news cannot trade in regulated venues. Binance fills this gap and notes, according to its press release, that its traditional financial perpetual contracts are already ahead of comparable venues in weekend price discovery.

A perpetual contract is a futures contract with no expiration date. In theory, as long as the collateral is sufficient, it can be held indefinitely. To prevent their prices from permanently deviating from the underlying market, buyers and sellers pay each other balanced payments, or funding rates, at fixed intervals. This balancing payment is not a fee to the exchange; it flows between market participants. One party in a crowded market needs to pay the other party.

Currency Perpetual Contracts: Differences from Traditional Foreign Exchange Futures

On the European Futures Exchange (Eurex) or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), currency futures have fixed delivery dates, standardized contract sizes, and a central counterparty between buyers and sellers. If a market participant defaults, the clearing house will step in. Perpetual contracts have neither a delivery date nor a central counterparty. Your counterparty is the exchange itself, or more accurately, its insurance fund.

The second difference lies in collateral. In regulated futures contracts, margins are paid in the settlement currency and managed by clearing houses. Here, it is stored in an exchange account in the form of USDT. In addition to the exchange rate risk of a currency pair, you also bear the risk of a stablecoin and the risk of a custodian. Anyone who does not systematically distinguish these levels will underestimate the situation they face.

The third difference lies in the access method. Futures contracts on regulated exchanges require an account with a properly licensed broker who will evaluate your knowledge and experience in advance. Whether you can access Binance's contracts depends on which entity group your account belongs to and whether the entity has unlocked what products for customers from the European Economic Area (EEA). The press release did not mention any regional restrictions. This does not guarantee that the contract will be available in Germany, it is just a gap in the statement that you must make up for yourself before clicking on it for the first time.

Funds rate settled every eight hours: What does the 0.375% cap mean for the cost of holding a position

Binance settles the funding rate for the contract every eight hours and sets the cap at plus or minus 0.375%. This number may seem small, but it is not. Three settlements per day are equivalent to 1.125% of the value of the position in the most extreme case, and this is calculated on a daily basis. If you hold it for a week, even if there is no price fluctuation at all, the outflow may be close to 8%, just to keep the position open.

During calm periods, the actual rate is usually well below the cap, and it may also work in your favor if you are on the lesser side of the market. But you cannot rely on this. For currency pairs with different policy interest rates on both sides, the spread is structurally integrated into the rate. This is why currency perpetual contracts are different from Bitcoin perpetual contracts: here, there is an economic quantity behind balancing payments that cannot be dispersed.

This means: Calculate the cost of holding a position before entering a trade and compare it to your price target. A position designed to achieve a 3% price increase if it needs to remain open for two weeks may fail due to funding rates, although in the right direction.

Weekend price discovery: Risks revealed by the order book EWMA method

The most interesting part of the announcement lies in the details of price discovery. Binance operates in two modes. During regular foreign exchange trading hours (17:00 Sunday to 17:00 Friday New York time), the index obtains real-time prices from third-party providers. From Friday night to Sunday night and during public holidays, the system switches to order book EWMA mode: an exponentially weighted moving average of prices in its own order book.

翻译过来就是,周末没有外部参考价格。您的头寸估值以及必要时强制平仓的价格完全源于该平台上的交易。订单簿较薄,或在错误时刻下达较大订单,价格会发生剧烈波动,而在真实外汇市场中没有任何对应。移动平均线施加的上限虽然能缓和此类波动,但并不能阻止它们。

正是在这一点上,便利的报价变成了切实的风险。任何在高杠杆下坚持持有过夜头寸的人,都将头寸的估值交给了一个专门设计用于实际市场关闭情况下的机制。如果您想更仔细地研究此类场所,我们关于永续交易场所的比较并列展示了费用、流动性和强制平仓逻辑的差异。

100倍杠杆对比30:1:为何巴法规定德国零售投资者面临更严格的限制

对于在德国向零售客户营销、分销或销售的差价合约(CFD),适用的是2019年7月23日根据《金融市场工具条例》第42条发布的巴伐利亚州金融监管局(BaFin)一般行政命令。它规定了最低初始保证金,要求在突破保证金阈值时强制平仓,保护零售客户免受账户余额为负的影响,并禁止奖金激励。杠杆上限取决于基础资产:主要货币对为30:1,其余货币对和黄金为20:1,加密货币为2:1。

巴西雷亚尔不属于该分级意义上的主要货币。如果提供商向德国零售客户将此货币对作为差价合约进行营销,最多可提供20倍的杠杆。币安提供100倍,是前者的五倍。无论该合约在法律上是否被归类为差价合约,这一点并未确定;永续合约不自动等同于CFD,分类取决于具体的设计以及产品积极分发给谁以及在哪个国家。作为风险衡量标准,这种比较仍然成立:德国立法者已为类似货币产品划定了一条线,而此产品远远超出了这条线。

任何希望合法地对货币或加密货币进行杠杆交易的人,将在欧盟授权提供商处获得较低但具有约束力保障的条款:规则规定的强制平仓、无负账户余额、无诱导追加保证金的奖金激励。

MiCA不监管衍生品:为何FX永续合约适用MiFID II而非加密法规

一种普遍存在的误解认为,MiCA现在已经解决了所有与加密相关的问题。事实并非如此。欧洲加密法规涵盖加密资产、其发行人以及围绕托管、交换和交易的服务提供商。其基础资产为加密资产或货币的衍生品不属于其管辖范围;它们是金融工具,受《金融市场工具指令》(MiFID II)制度的约束。因此,MiCA授权并不赋予提供商向欧洲零售客户分发杠杆期货合约的权利。

这种分离在实践中对您很重要。一家交易所可能在欧盟完全获得MiCA许可,但仍无法让您访问其衍生品,因为它缺乏相关的投资服务许可。相反,您的应用程序中产品的可用性并不意味着提供商允许在德国向您提供该产品。

衍生品受证券法管辖,而非加密法规MiCA,拥有独立的授权和分销义务

计算强制平仓:100倍杠杆下价格变动多少会关闭头寸

算术非常简单而不舒服。100倍杠杆意味着您的抵押品相当于头寸价值的百分之一,即1%。如果价格对您不利变动1%,从算术上讲,这笔本金将被耗尽。在实践中,强制平仓会更早触发,因为费用、累积的资金付款和交易所的维持保证金缓冲都计入其中。因此,1%的实际空间往往只有6%到7%。

背景信息:巴西雷亚尔是一种新兴市场货币。它对商品价格、巴西央行的利率政策以及国内政治新闻做出反应,并且兑美元时的波动性明显大于欧元或日元。每日1%的波动在那里并不例外,而是常态。在100倍杠杆下,此货币对中的头寸因此在算术上是一个赌注,赌注是平均交易日不会发生。

如果您进行杠杆交易,请在进入前计算两个数字并记录下来:您的头寸被强制平仓的价格,以及在此过程中损失的金额。如果这两个数字中的任何一个让您感到不舒服,则杠杆设置过高。这个计算只需两分钟,可以替代任何直觉决策。

期货交易的税务:自2024年年度税法以来亏损如何处理

在德国,期货交易收益被视为资本资产收入,并按25%的比例税率征收预扣税,加上团结附加税,如有必要还包括教会税。许多人在加密现货交易中熟知的一年持有期在此不适用:这涉及《所得税法》第23条下的私人处置交易,而期货合约属于第20条。任何人从现货转向衍生品,也随之改变了其税务逻辑。

关于亏损,近期情况有了显著改善。自2021年以来,期货交易损失只能抵消同类交易的收益,且每年最多20,000欧元。《所得税法》第20条第6款第5句的这一特殊规定已被2024年年度税法删除。联邦参议院于2024年11月22日批准,该法案于2024年12月5日公布,删除在所有尚未结案的情况下追溯生效。因此,期货交易损失再次可以与其它投资收益无限制地抵消。这一步骤的理由是对不平等待遇的宪法怀疑。

在实践中重要的是,外汇不会为您出具德国税务证书,也不会代您预扣比例税。申报完全由您自己负责,您必须自行制作文档:每一个头寸、每一笔资金付款、每一笔费用,包括日期和价格。任何人如果不边做记录,将在年底从导出文件和价格历史中重建数据。

托管与交易对手风险:USDT结算对您的余额意味着什么

您的抵押品以USDT形式存放在交易所账户中。这将三种彼此无关的风险叠加在一起。首先是您承担的货币对价格风险。其次是稳定币本身的风险,它必须保持对美元的挂钩,以便您的保证金保持交易所赋予它的价值。第三是平台风险:只要您的余额留在那里,您就持有一项对公司的债权,而不是您自己托管的余额。

对于交易本身,这无法解决,保证金必须存在于合约交易的地方。您可以控制的是规模。只将计划头寸所需的金额加上缓冲部分转移到交易平台,并将剩余持仓留在您希望的地方。这种分离每年会花费您一些交易费,但如果其中一层失效,可以限制损害。

检查币安外汇永续合约:要点总结

9月21日的发布不是匆忙行动的理由。这是一个机会,在任何资金转移之前解决三件事。

首先,确认您是否有权访问,以及您是否想要访问。

检查您的账户隶属于哪个实体,以及是否为您解锁了衍生品。如果答案是否定的,问题就已解决。如果您确实希望使用杠杆,那么请选择具有欧洲授权、负余额保护和具有约束力的杠杆上限的提供商——候选人可在经纪人比较中找到。

其次,在开仓前计算持仓成本和强制平仓价格。

每天三次资金结算,上限情况下每日1.125%,加上100倍杠杆下不到1%的安全边际。如果您的价格目标不能明显超越这两个数字,则方法是错误的。不同场所如何处理此问题的差异见永续交易场所的比较。

第三,在第一个头寸运行前建立您的文档。

期货交易属于《所得税法》第20条,而非持有期,且外汇不会代您预扣任何税款。一个能够实时记录头寸和资金付款的工具可以节省您在春季重建数据的麻烦;选择见税务和投资组合工具的比较。

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