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BTC 量子攻击下的比特币安全：中本聪早期资产面临独特风险
由于大量早期比特币存储在公钥已暴露的地址中，中本聪持有的比特币可能成为未来量子攻击的首要目标之一。比特币安全研究员贾斯汀·德雷克（Justin Drake）在最近接受分析师丹尼斯·刘（Denis Liu）采访时警告称，这一漏洞并不意味着用户需要恐慌，因为托管在经过哈希处理的地址中的比特币在花费之前仍可保持安全。
中本聪早期硬币面临不同的风险
9月21日的访谈聚焦于中本聪在约20,000个地址中挖掘的大约100万枚比特币。德雷克解释说，这些比特币是以每块50枚的速度进行挖矿的，每个地址持有相当于一个区块奖励的数量。
“所有这些早期的比特币地址都是原始公钥，”德雷克告诉刘，“没有经过哈希处理步骤，因此它们都容易受到攻击。”
他将中本聪的持仓描述为“量子计算机运营商”的潜在目标，使其处于与从未从哈希地址中花费过的比特币不同的位置。
普通持有者的安全策略
对于普通持有者而言，安全问题与花费行为紧密相关。比特币地址通常包含其公钥的哈希值，而非公钥本身。但一旦加密货币被花费，公钥就会向所有人公开。
The security researcher advised users to send change to a new address when spending Bitcoin. If the asset remains at the new address and has never been spent, its public key has not yet been exposed. "When you send funds to a new address, your public key is not publicly displayed," Drake explained,"It's only publicly available when you spend it from that address." So as long as you deposit Bitcoin into a new address and don't spend it, you're actually safe."
He also pointed out that even the fastest quantum computers discussed in current research will take time to crack the encryption key. In addition, he urged holders not to rush to switch to post-quantum cryptography,"the technology is still under development." According to him, early upgrades can introduce errors, and scammers can also take advantage of this fear by sending false messages claiming that the holder must immediately transfer to a so-called "post-quantum secure" wallet.
Bitcoin developers are testing solutions
It was reported that at the end of August, a quantum-resistant Bitcoin transaction was launched on the main network using MARA's private SlipStream memory pool and a system called Quantum Safe Bitcoin. This method works without changing the Bitcoin consensus rules, although currently limited to private memory pool use.
Another proposal, BIP-361, was released in April and aims to gradually freeze Bitcoin addresses deemed vulnerable to quantum attacks. The proposal would first prevent users from sending bitcoins to old-type addresses, and then impose stricter restrictions two years later to prevent remaining legacy wallets from sending funds.
关于有多少比特币真正暴露在外，存在分歧。今年4月，分析师詹姆斯·切克（James Check）认为可信的中本聪时代目标为171.6万枚比特币，而不是广泛讨论中经常引用的690万枚暴露密钥数字。他认为，虽然这些资产的全面抛售会对市场造成下行压力，但不一定导致灾难性后果。
