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ETH Ethereum is no longer just a blockchain
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin released a long article on September 27 outlining possible fundamental changes to the network architecture by 2030. He wrote when sharing the article on the X platform that Ethereum is "no longer actually just a blockchain" and called it "a hybrid architecture that combines blockchain with modern cryptography, giving it more powerful functional attributes."
Butrin described the article, titled "Cryptographic World Computers", as a system that combines blockchain, cryptographic proof, and external networks to improve scalability and privacy protection capabilities.
The core of this transition is that nodes no longer need to download and execute every block. Instead, a single computer will process transactions and generate concise cryptographic certificates to show that it follows network rules, while other nodes will verify these certificates orders of magnitude faster than performing new calculations.
Buterin also envisions that mempool nodes would merge signatures and proofs into a single recursive STARK (scalable non-interactive proof of knowledge), which would then be passed on to the block builder. Block builders will include aggregated proofs rather than processing each large proof independently.
Butrin has set specific goals for 203: block time will be shortened from about 12 seconds today to 4 to 8 seconds, and final finalization time will be shortened from a few minutes to 8 to 32 seconds. He also added: "Ethereum itself will never have the low latency that rivals servers, but the infrastructure built around it will."
Hegota upgrades, FOCIL and the road to quantum-resistance
Butrin predicts that the Hegota upgrade planned for next year will be the last "regular" fork for Ethereum, with a technical foundation that will be familiar to those who worked on the network in 2015. Subsequent upgrades will increasingly rely on mathematical proof, tools to check for software errors, and security designs that can withstand future quantum computer attacks.
Hegota is also where key anti-censorship mechanisms will be deployed soon. The Ethereum Foundation has designated FOCIL (EIP-7805) as a must-implement proposal in Hegota's upgrade. FOCIL allows verifier committees to enforce the inclusion of legal memory pool transactions, thereby strengthening anti-censorship capabilities.
With FOCIL, multiple validators can require eligible transactions to appear in a block, reducing users 'reliance on centralized block builders for transaction inclusion.
In the long term, Buterin also expects that aggregated signatures and multi-party block construction will reshape the way verification works across the network.
The Ethereum Foundation protocol cluster has set a target of December 2029 to achieve comprehensive anti-quantization of Ethereum Layer 1 at the execution, consensus and data levels. The group predicts that quantum attacks may become feasible in 2030, but also points out that the assumption is deliberately aggressive and notes that most credible estimates believe the threat will emerge later.
Although Ethereum's plans still require a lot of engineering work-for example, the efficiency of generating certificates needs to be increased enough for widespread use, and computers responsible for different tasks must coordinate updates without interfering with each other-the vision for 2030 remains a technology direction rather than a fixed timetable. Even so, Butrin's article sends a signal that Ethereum's most meaningful transformation may have just begun.
