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ETH Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin warns: AI accelerates mathematical progress or threatens the security of digital assets
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin pointed out that mathematical progress accelerated by artificial intelligence (AI) may pose risks to digital assets. The warning comes amid growing concerns about future supercomputer vulnerabilities and the recent loss of funds for encryption projects.
AI could undermine the foundation of the network within years
Buterin told the community on Platform X (formerly Twitter) that AI-accelerated mathematical breakthroughs could weaken lattice-based cryptographic security within two years. He pointed out that although decomposing large integers requires a certain amount of time, clever researchers have optimized the sieve algorithm.
As a solution, you can increase the length of the RSA signature and key from 64 bytes to 400 bytes. To address these threats, Ethereum has adopted a streamlined roadmap that focuses on solutions that use only hash functions rather than algorithms such as ML-DSA, trellis ciphers or Falcon.
Buterin believes: "This is a very reasonable worldview, and predicting this is not extreme. If AI can bring mathematical progress equivalent to the past 50 years in two years, then the mathematical results of these 50 years are likely to include improvements at the 'naive factorization-> GNFS', thereby improving our ability to crack lattice ciphers. In such a world, trellis ciphers still exist, but they must be significantly scaled up to ensure the same level of security."
Limitations and potential risks of hash-first schemes
Although the "hash-only" approach may seem perfect in terms of signature and proof, it remains questionable in the field of public key encryption. Currently, cryptographic projects can use structured trap door objects. The dilemma, however, is that due to its structural characteristics, AI is likely to attempt to exploit these weaknesses.
Cryptocurrency users also pointed out that the development of AI may have a negative impact on the network structure. Although AI provides scalable advantages, if misused by malicious actors, it can cause widespread losses to the entire industry.
Researcher Justin Drake: AI will break wallets before quantum computers
Ethereum researcher Justin Drake also posted on the X platform saying that AI will break digital asset wallets before quantum computers. He predicts this could happen within months, which is different from Buterin's two-year forecast.
To prevent asset loss, Drake recommends that users change keys after signing transactions and transfer assets to unexposed addresses. He has previously said that AI is becoming able to hack into multiple systems. This view reflects growing concerns about "Q-Day"-the day when supercomputers are expected to crack the cryptography of digital assets in the future.
The double-edged sword effect of AI
最近的模型测试显示，新型AI模型能够突破沙箱限制并导致网站瘫痪，但也强调了其底层的应用价值。当前，网络利用模型来验证协议和应用层、识别漏洞，并提升整体安全性。然而，如何在利用AI提升效率的同时防范其带来的安全风险，仍是行业亟待解决的关键问题。
