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Chairman of the European Securities and Markets Authority: MiCA regulatory plan shifts from drafting

2026-09-29 00:13:37
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ESMA概述欧盟加密资产监管计划:从规则制定转向日常监督

随着《加密资产市场法规》(MiCA)从草案阶段进入日常实施阶段,欧洲证券和市场管理局(ESMA)已 outlining 其在全欧盟范围内监督加密资产规则的规划。该监管机构于周一发布的2027年工作纲领指出,其协调工作的重心将日益转向监督——特别是围绕运营韧性、外包控制以及企业是否在欧盟境内保持足够的实际存在和运作能力等方面展开。

ESMA主席Verena Ross在欧洲议会经济与货币事务委员会会议上表示,监管机构的优先事项已从“规则制定”转向“监督与趋同”。这一信息与投资者保护及市场信心紧密相关,目前MiCA框架要求各国监管机构进行一致的监控。

核心要点

  • ESMA在2027年下的MiCA工作重点将从发布规则转向统一欧盟各国监管机构的监督实践。
  • 运营韧性和外包风险管理被列为加密资产服务提供商(CASP)监督的关键领域。
  • ESMA计划统一CASP的定期报告格式,并开发共同的风险指标和监督仪表盘。
  • MIDAS——ESMA用于监测潜在市场滥用的集中式系统——预计将于2027年实现全面运行准备就绪,董事会批准后还将进行进一步优化。
  • ESMA打算将监督发现反馈至预计在2027年6月前完成的欧盟委员会MiCA审查中。

从规则制定到监督趋同

如今,MiCA的实施正在重塑欧洲的监管工作流程。ESMA不再主要专注于设计要求,而是准备确保这些要求在各国得到一致的执行。Ross将其描述为向监督和“趋同”的转变,这意味着无论企业在欧盟何处运营,都应预期面临相似的要求。

监管机构主席还强调,ESMA希望创新能在一个既为受监管实体提供清晰性又保障投资者的结构中“蓬勃发展”。这种平衡——即在加强监管的同时允许业务继续开展——直接体现在ESMA 2027年工作纲领的操作细节中。

2027年监督重点:韧性、外包及实质性的欧盟存在

ESMA的工作纲领提出了一系列监督主题,旨在减少监督加密资产服务提供商(CASP)的各国监管机构之间的合规差距。ESMA特别指出了以下领域:

  • 运营韧性:反映CASP需要在中断期间保持运作,而非依赖脆弱的流程。
  • 外包风险:包括对外部提供商的依赖如何引发控制和连续性问题。
  • 欧盟境内的充足运营:关注企业是否在欧盟内部保持了足够的运营能力。
  • 流动性考量:在市场压力条件下可能变得至关重要。
  • 反向 solicitation(主动招揽):在此领域中,行为可能会引发关于MiCA义务如何在跨境场景中适用的疑问。
  • 资产分类:反映正确确定加密资产监管类别的实际重要性。

ESMA还表示,它打算加强各国监管机构之间的协调。对于市场参与者而言,这一点至关重要,因为监督差异可能导致不均衡的合规要求、不同的报告期望以及不一致的执行结果。ESMA对趋同的强调旨在限制这种差异,随着MiCA的成熟,这将有助于建立更统一的监管环境。

统一报告与风险仪表盘

除了外包和韧性等具体话题外,ESMA还计划标准化监督信息的收集和使用方式。工作纲领表明,ESMA意图:

  • 统一CASP向各国监管机构提交的定期报告格式。
  • 推广可跨司法管辖区比较的共同风险指标。
  • 开发监督仪表盘,以支持持续的监控和一致的风险评估。

These steps are significant because they shift the regulatory landscape towards measurable comparability. When reporting formats and risk signals are consistent, regulators can more easily detect outliers, identify patterns, and apply interventions with greater consistency. For CASP, unification can also reduce the compliance burden of responding to different reporting expectations in different countries.

MIDAS monitoring system is scheduled to be operational in 2027

ESMA also plans to expand its centralized market monitoring approach. The work plan confirms plans to advance MIDAS, its system for monitoring potential market abuse based on MiCA.

According to the work plan, ESMA expects the first phase of MIDAS to be "fully operational in 2027." ESMA previously disclosed plans for the second phase in February. The 2027 Work Agenda further states that enhancements will include additional analytical capabilities and extensions to available data types.

The launch of the next batch of upgrades is scheduled for the fourth quarter, but is described as requiring board approval before implementation. This is worth noting: while the direction is clear, the scope and exact timetable may still depend on the internal governance structure.

From the perspective of investor protection and market integrity, strengthening surveillance capabilities is a core part of transforming MiCA into an enforceable framework rather than a purely conceptual framework. As system capabilities improve, regulators may detect suspicious patterns earlier and act faster-especially if underlying reporting and risk indicators are also consistent across jurisdictions.

将执法经验融入MiCA下一个审查周期

ESMA的计划还将监督与欧盟层面的监管流程下一步联系起来。监管机构表示,它计划利用其监督经验来支持欧盟委员会对MiCA的审查,该审查预计在2027年6月前完成。

这很重要,因为执法现实往往揭示出法律文本可能需要调整的地方——无论是由于实际实施的挑战、解释模糊,还是现有规则未完全覆盖的新兴风险。ESMA明确表示有意为审查后的任何立法提案做准备,这表明监管机构预期其监督工作将影响MiCA的演变。

读者应密切关注ESMA的统一报告标准及其MIDAS增强功能是否会导致欧盟成员国之间出现更一致的监督结果。剩下的问题是,各国监管机构在实践中实现趋同的速度有多快——特别是在运营韧性期望、外包控制以及风险指标如何转化为具体执法行动方面,随着2027年的到来,这些问题将愈发凸显。

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