President Trump unveils $215 million quantum computing plan, raising concerns in the crypto market

特朗普政府宣布超60亿美元科学倡议，欧洲当局警告量子计算对加密货币安全的潜在威胁

特朗普政府宣布了超过60亿美元的科学倡议，其中包括2.15亿美元的量子计算竞赛资金以及24亿美元的人工智能行业承诺。与此同时，欧洲当局发出警告，指出未来的量子计算机可能对加密货币的安全性构成威胁。

科学倡议概览

这60亿美元的科学倡议涵盖了联邦资金、私人承诺、量子研究以及人工智能基础设施项目。其中，计划投入的2.15亿美元将用于支持开发可靠且具备容错能力的量子计算系统的竞争性团队。此外，包括英伟达（Nvidia）、超威半导体（AMD）、OpenAI和Anthropic在内的11家科技公司已承诺提供价值24亿美元的人工智能工具和计算资源，以支持科研项目。

虽然实用性的攻击尚未得到证实，但欧洲当局警告称，未来的量子计算机可能会威胁比特币钱包的安全。白宫于10月8日在华盛顿举行的“科学：新黄金时代峰会”上宣布了这些举措，汇聚了联邦机构、科技公司和研究机构。该方案包括针对能源、医疗、量子技术和太空探索等领域科学项目的计划政府资金、私人投资承诺及计算资源。

量子Genesis Q竞赛详情

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has identified eight research questions for its Quantum Genesis Q competition, and the technology companies have pledged resources for artificial intelligence research. It is worth noting that this announcement does not describe the Quantum Initiative as a cryptocurrency security project.

At the heart of the Quantum Initiative is the Quantum Genesis Q Competition, a project designed to support companies that develop fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of performing scientific calculations. The Department of Energy launched the competition on September 17, with planned funding of up to $215 million. At Thursday's summit, officials identified eight priority application areas covering chemistry, materials science, subatomic physics and applied mathematics.

Contestants must prove their quantum computer can run at least 100 logical qubits and perform hundreds of millions of fault-tolerant operations. Logic qubits use error correction technology to make quantum computing more reliable, thereby solving one of the technical challenges faced by existing systems.

The competition will allocate funds through two stages. Companies that reach early milestones may receive rewards of up to $1.5 million, while follow-up funding will depend on their ability to demonstrate working quantum systems. The Department of Energy has set aside a $100 million incentive pool for teams that demonstrate machines with at least 100 logical qubits, and two $50 million incentive pools for systems with 150 and 200 logical qubits, respectively.

能源部表示，奖项部分取决于未来的国会拨款，这意味着全额2.15亿美元尚未分发或保证。私营公司申请截止日期为2026年10月19日。该机构还在单独准备一个4500万美元的实验室项目，以支持量子计算硬件和软件的测试与验证。

此次竞赛紧随特朗普总统2026年6月发布的关于量子创新的行政命令，该命令指示联邦机构支持先进量子技术的开发和使用。

量子进步引发比特币安全担忧

尽管美国的量子倡议侧重于科学研究，但欧洲执法和金融当局对量子计算机日益强大背景下加密货币钱包的安全性表示担忧。

10月7日，欧洲刑警组织（Europol）发布了两份报告，审查未来量子能力如何影响加密货币和加密信息。该机构警告称，足够强大的量子计算机可以从暴露的公钥中推导出私钥，从而允许攻击者在未经所有者许可的情况下转移加密货币。

比特币和其他主要区块链网络使用公钥密码学来验证交易签名。欧洲刑警组织指出，授权交易所使用的密钥是一个潜在的暴露领域，特别是在公钥已经可见的情况下。

然而，该机构并未声称现有的量子计算机可以实施此类攻击。它表示时机尚不确定，并建议加密货币开发商开始为未来的安全升级做准备。这一警告紧随欧洲银行管理局、欧洲保险和职业养老金管理局以及欧洲证券和市场管理局于9月23日发布的一份风险评估之后。欧洲监管机构警告称，量子计算的进步最终可能会削弱保护金融交易、数据库和区块链网络的加密系统。

CryptoQuant创始人Ki Young Ju单独估计，约有689万枚BTC可能存在与潜在未来量子攻击相关的公钥暴露情况。这一估算并不意味着这些硬币目前可以被量子计算机窃取。

加强钱包安全的工作已经在进行中。比特币开发者正在讨论允许交易使用抗量子签名的更改，尽管尚未批准全网范围的替换。机构级加密货币托管商已开始测试类似的保护措施。BitGo和Silence Laboratories已展示了抗量子签名技术，而其他钱包提供商正在研究迁移现有资产的方法。

量子对加密货币钱包的威胁促使欧洲刑警组织建议分阶段进行安全升级、改进密钥管理，并促进开发商与托管提供商之间的合作。以太坊基金会研究员Justin Drake于10月7日提出了另一个担忧，即针对现有数字签名系统的潜在AI辅助攻击。他的警告仍属于前瞻性的安全场景，而非成功攻击的证据。

Technology companies such as Nvidia commit US$2.4 billion to support artificial intelligence

In addition to the quantum race, the White House has also confirmed US$2.4 billion commitments from 11 technology companies that will provide artificial intelligence tools and computing credits to support scientific research.

These commitments will support the Genesis Mission Alliance, which works with more than 15 federal agencies on projects involving energy, health, advanced computing and other scientific fields. Nvidia is the largest single commitment party, investing US$1 billion, followed by AMD's US$500 million. OpenAI committed $200 million, while Anthropic and Google each committed $150 million. AMP and Emerald AI each committed $100 million. Amazon Cloud Services (AWS), Armada, Crusoe and Micron Technology each committed $50 million.

According to the White House, these resources will help researchers gain access to computing infrastructure and artificial intelligence systems for scientific work. Published contributions consist of industry commitments and should not be considered funds that have been spent by the federal government.

Previously, the government made a $5 billion federal commitment in July to the Genesis Mission's National Science and Technology Challenge Program. The project involves multiple institutions working on research issues in energy, health and space.

In addition to corporate commitments, universities, industry partners and the state of Georgia have announced a $1 billion investment in scientific computing infrastructure and workforce training. More than 14 universities in 10 states have established the Southeast Supercomputing Alliance to share advanced computing resources. The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy have committed more than $100 million to scientific instruments and autonomous laboratories that use artificial intelligence to support experiments and research.

The White House increases funding for quantum, biological and space research

The science package also includes several initiatives beyond artificial intelligence computing and the quantum race.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Department of Energy and Biohub have announced a $1.8 billion virtual biology initiative to create computer models of cells and biological systems. According to the White House, the project will develop data and analytical tools to study how cells respond to disease and potential treatments. The initiative is part of Bio Genesis, a government research mission with the goal of accelerating biomedical discovery over the next five to ten years.

The National Science Foundation has launched two research awards worth $33 million each. One focuses on combining quantum technology with other scientific fields, and the other involves synthesizing multicellularity. For early-career researchers, the government has launched a $100 million Genesis Mission Scholarship to support an accelerated four-year doctoral program. Participating students will combine artificial intelligence training with another scientific or engineering discipline and conduct research through national laboratories and industry partners.

白宫宣布，X-Labs联盟获得了超过3.1亿美元的产业和慈善承诺，该联盟将为联邦资助的研究团队提供实验室空间和专用设备。

美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和能源部签署了一项关于未来太空任务核动力系统的合作协议。他们的计划包括Space Reactor-1，这是一艘拟议中的核动力航天器，计划于2028年执行火星任务；以及Lunar Reactor-1，这是计划在月球上部署的一个裂变反应堆。

这两个反应堆项目尚未公布确定的发射日期。白宫将2028年的火星发射确定为NASA与能源部合作的目标。