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XRP ledger fixes a ten-year-old vulnerability that could lead to expendable XRP

2026-10-11 16:22:23
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XRP 账本修复十年历史漏洞:曾可凭空生成可花费的 XRP

XRP Ledger(XRP 账本)的开发人员披露了一个关键性安全漏洞。该漏洞若被利用,攻击者可能绕过旨在防止加密货币供应量增加的安全机制,凭空创造出可花费的 XRP。

这一支付引擎漏洞由 Cayden Liao 和 Veria AI 于 9 月 22 日通过 XRPL 漏洞赏金计划报告。RippleX 工程师在独立服务器上复现了该漏洞,证实新创建的 XRP 可在后续支付中被使用,并将漏洞严重程度从“重大”提升至“关键”。目前没有任何证据表明该漏洞曾在任何公共 XRP 账本网络上被实际利用。开发人员私下准备了修复方案,并于 9 月 25 日发布了 xrpld 版本 3.4.1,距离补丁合并到紧急发布分支仅过去两天。

整数溢出可能导致 XRP 供应检查失效

该缺陷存在于 XRP 账本的支付引擎中,时间跨度约为自 2015 年起。其核心问题在于当一笔支付消耗订单簿中的多个报价时,未对 64 位整数运算进行检查。

攻击者可以创建数百个账户,并设置精心构造的报价,以极少量的其他代币出售换取极大数量的 XRP。如果单笔支付消耗了这些报价,计算出的总金额可能会超过整数支持的最大值。此时,交易不会被拒绝,而是会发生回绕(wrap around),变成一个较小的数值。每个报价的所有者仍会收到报价中指定的全额 XRP,而买方仅需支付经过回绕处理后的较小金额。

实施此攻击仅需数百枚 XRP 用于账户和报价储备,其中大部分资金随后可以被回收,此外还需支付普通的交易费用。XRP 内置的防创造 XRP 检查机制无法阻止此类攻击,因为其使用的不变量验证采用了相同类型的算术运算,同样可能发生溢出;而单独的账户余额限制则可以通过将新创造的 XRP 分散到数百个账户中来规避。

该缺陷仅限于故意构造的交易,无法通过正常的支付或交易活动触发。

验证节点数小时内升级至 3.4.1 版本

开发人员选择立即部署 XRP 溢出修复程序,而不是将其纳入 XRPL 正常的修正案流程。通常情况下,协议变更需要获得超过 80% 验证节点的支持并持续两周后才能激活。如果在整个等待期间漏洞保持暴露,将会形成一个窗口期,使得攻击方法虽已公开但仍可被利用的风险持续存在。

On the default unique node list (UNL), more than 80% of verification nodes were upgraded to version 3.4.1 on September 25, the day the emergency release was released.

Version 3.4.1 now denies payment when the total quote exceeds, and uses a wider counter to enhance the invariant check created to prevent XRP violations. In addition, additional balance calculation logic has been strengthened to prevent similar arithmetic failures.

This incident occurred after an unrelated xrpl.js supply chain vulnerability was discovered in 2025, which affected malicious JavaScript package releases rather than the XRP ledger protocol itself. XRPL's amendment system is also used to deploy new features, such as the proposed XRPL loan agreement, where approval from the verification node determines whether new transactions are activated.

This overflow does not change XRP's existing supply. No unauthorized XRPs were found and server operators must be running xrpld 3.4.1 or later to stay in sync with the network.

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