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随着Nvidia支持的Firmus计划进行澳大利亚第二大IPO,循环融资谈判再度回归

2026-09-23 21:22:40
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Firmus Technologies launched a A$7 billion IPO with a valuation of nearly A$50 billion.

Firmus Technologies announced that it will open share subscriptions on October 6 and officially list on the Australia Stock Exchange (ASX) on October 22. With a target market value of nearly A $50 billion, this will be the second-largest initial public offering in Australia history. The deal is also an important test of whether investors are willing to follow Nvidia's "revolving financing" model, as the company has invested heavily in Firmus.

IPO process and timetable

Firmus confirmed plans to raise approximately A$7 billion (approximately US$5 billion) in the IPO. Company shares will be open for institutional bidding on October 6. Subsequently, the company plans to make an official appearance on the Australia Stock Exchange on October 22.

According to the reported target price, Firmus's valuation will be close to A $50 billion, making it the second largest listing in Australia's history, second only to the 1997 privatization project of telecommunications giant Telstra, and also exceeding the A $5.68 billion fundraising project of Medibank Private in 2014.

Firmus is scheduled to file its prospectus, a key official document that discloses the company's financial condition and risks, on October 8. Retail investors will then be eligible to bid between October 12 and 19 in preparation for the October 22 listing.

据报道,为了提升市场需求,Firmus举办了一场为期两周的全球路演活动。该行程始于亚洲,途经欧洲和美国,最后在悉尼和墨尔本结束。在此期间,公司的联合首席执行官Oliver Curtis和Tim Rosenfield直接与投资者进行了会面。

500亿澳元估值背后的逻辑

Firmus最初是一家比特币挖矿企业。其三位创始人Tim Rosenfield、Jonathan Levee和Oliver Curtis于2019年在悉尼创立了该公司,并逐渐将重心转向建设“节能”型AI数据中心,合作伙伴包括CDC Data Centres、Megaport以及英伟达等。

然而,在规划中的七个站点中,目前仅有两个投入运营,其余五个仍在建设中,预计将在未来两年内完工。

尽管如此,公司的价值迅速飙升。2025年9月,英伟达支持了一轮3.3亿美元的融资,当时Firmus的估值为18.5亿美元。到了2026年4月,Coatue Management领导了一轮5.05亿美元的融资,将公司估值推高至55亿美元。这一轮融资与英伟达的Vera Rubin DSX芯片设计相关,使得公司在六个月内筹集的资金总额达到13.5亿美元。

至2026年8月,在完成名为“Project Southgate”的项目另外20亿美元融资后,公司估值再次跃升至约105亿美元(约合150亿澳元)。若按当前IPO目标计算,Firmus的价值将超过仍保持私人持有的设计公司Canva。

Firmus的最大客户同时也是其最大的支持者。2026年6月,公司与英伟达签署了一项价值300亿澳元(约合430亿澳元)的协议,将在印尼巴淡岛建设一个拥有360兆瓦算力的人工智能计算中心,使用17万颗英伟达芯片。随后在2026年9月8日,Firmus透露OpenAI已成为其在马来西亚两个规划站点的客户。这使得公司签约的计算能力总量超过900兆瓦。

其他主要投资者还包括Regal Funds Management、Archibald Capital、Tectonic Investment Management、Ellerston Capital、黑石集团(Blackstone)、Jane Street,以及亿万富翁投资者Alex Waislitz和Pratt家族。

值得注意的是,联合创始人兼首席执行官Oliver Curtis曾在约十年前因内幕交易入狱,当时他30岁,获利143万美元。他服刑12个月,于2017年获释。此后,他在公司整体估值仅为8100万美元时,向Firmus投资了25万美元。

为了安抚寻求 reassurance 的投资者,创始人的股份将被锁定一段时间。仅在IPO满12个月后可出售10%的股份,满两年后可再出售39.9%。

什么是“循环融资”,为何令投资者担忧?

“循环融资”是指像英伟达这样的公司向另一家公司投资资金,而该公司随后用这笔资金购买英伟达自身产品的行为。批评者认为,这可能导致收入和需求的表象比实际情况更大,因为同一笔资金在循环中流动。

英伟达已在2026年8月26日的财报电话会议上公开回应了这一批评。其首席财务官Colette Kress向分析师表示,虽然有些人称之为循环融资,但公司对此有不同看法。

除了Firmus之外,英伟达还与Apollo、贝莱德(BlackRock)、黑石集团(Blackstone)、 Brookfield、高盛(Goldman Sachs)和KKR等企业建立了融资合作伙伴关系,旨在为人工智能基础设施释放超过5000亿美元的资金。

截至2026年7月,该公司披露的总财务承诺和担保已超过5300亿美元,是三个月前的三倍多。

摩根士丹利分析师Joseph Moore也捍卫了英伟达的融资模式,他认为由于大部分资金来自外部投资者而非英伟达直接出资,这实际上限制了整个循环破裂的风险。

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