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Following波兰能源巨头在委内瑞拉石油交易中损失2.3亿美元，USDT遭审查
波兰最大能源公司与委内瑞拉之间一笔失败的石油交易引发了对Tether稳定币USDT使用的严格审查。该交易导致波兰方面在2023年底遭受了2.3亿美元的重大损失。这笔交易涉及国有能源巨头Orlen旗下的子公司——Orlen Trading Switzerland（OTS），其旨在从委内瑞拉国家石油公司PDVSA手中收购600万桶原油。
PDVSA转向稳定币以规避制裁
随着美国金融制裁使得美元交易对PDVSA日益困难，这家总部位于加拉加斯的公司开始要求买家使用USDT进行部分付款。USDT是全球使用最广泛的稳定币，旨在与美元保持等值，并为跨境交易提供数字替代方案。
Orlen同意了这些条款，并于2023年11月通过中介交易结构预付了2.3亿美元，其中大部分以USDT形式支付。该款项被发送至Hannon International Middle East，这是一家应Orlen要求参与交易的迪拜贸易公司。Hannon的职责是获取所需的USDT并协助从PDVSA购买石油。
背景知识： Orleń是波兰占主导地位的国有石油和能源集团，业务涵盖炼油、石化生产和整个欧洲的燃料分销。
资金在加密中间商环节消失
尽管进行了预付款，但随着资金经过迪拜和委内瑞拉的多个加密货币经纪商和中间商，大部分资金不翼而飞。ADG Legal阿布扎比分部的管理合伙人兼Hannon的法律代表David McCoy表示：“Hannon是在Orlen的要求下介入交易的，不对交易的失败负责。”
Hannon由Orlen聘请以促成交易，坚持认为其仅执行了客户的指示，并对丢失的资金或合同破裂不承担责任。
Hannon在向一家迪拜金融服务公司发送8000万美元后，最初获得了8000万美元的USDT，据报道支付了40万美元的佣金。随后，它向位于迪拜的Horizon Global转移了另外1.35亿美元，但声称仅收到8500万美元的USDT，而Horizon对此指控提出异议。
Hannon also sent US$30 million to Gold Mar International Trading to redeem USDT, but only US$21 million was recovered in February 2024. In January 2024, Hannon employees delivered two USB flash drives containing USDTs worth USDTs of $60 million and USDTs to a broker in Caracas. A second broker reportedly gained access to the $11 million USDT next month.
Despite these efforts, Orlen's vessel only loaded approximately 500,000 barrels of fuel oil worth US$28.8 million on March 8. Orlen Trading Services officially terminated the contract on March 28 because it only received a small portion of the oil corresponding to the purchase price paid.
Polish authorities initiate investigation
In January 2025, the Warsaw Regional Prosecutor's Office launched an investigation into the oil contract and assessed Orlen Trading Services 'total losses at 1.5 billion zlotys (approximately US$378 million). McCoy, who represents Hannon, said his client was not involved in the Polish investigation and declined further comment.
The failed contract further highlights the risks of using cryptocurrencies as an alternative in high-value cross-border trade in areas affected by international sanctions.
