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After the CLARITY bill failed, the SEC and CFTC continue to advance

2026-09-17 08:12:31
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核心要点

两个监管机构将利用现有的法律权威。SEC的计划涵盖发行、托管和记录保存。CFTC的行动侧重于杠杆加密市场。全面的现货监管仍需国会行动。机构规则面临逆转和法院挑战。

投票改变了路径,而非法律

参议院未能推进《CLARITY法案》并未扩大任一监管机构的权力。它阻断了直接的立法途径,使SEC和CFTC能够继续在现有法规下开展它们已经宣布的工作。SEC主席保罗·阿特金斯在投票后表示,该机构将“无论是否有立法”采取行动,并保持在法定权限内。据报道两位监管机构回应后,CFTC主席迈克尔·塞利格表示,他的机构已准备好继续推进其计划的加密规则。

在《CLARITY法案》未达到所需的60票之前,这两位官员都已经提出了他们的计划。这一结果使得这些机构倡议成为解决加密监管几个未决部分的主要近期联邦途径。这些声明并没有立即改变代币的法律地位、交易所的义务或客户账户附带的保护。这些影响将取决于机构发布并最终采用的规则。

SEC可以改变加密项目的融资方式

SEC最清晰的途径涉及受联邦证券法管辖的活动。其拟议的《加密资产条例》将为某些通过加密资产筹集资本的项目创建定制豁免,并建立确定相关投资合同何时结束的流程。

根据SEC提案,初创企业豁免将覆盖四年内最高500万美元的合格发行。单独的筹资豁免允许合格项目每年筹集高达7500万美元的资金,需遵守披露和其他条件。

拟议的安全港针对那些出售资产同时承诺构建网络、产品或服务的项目。如果发行人随后完成了这些承诺的管理工作并满足SEC的条件,该资产可能不再被视为原始投资合同的一部分。

阿特金斯还要求SEC员工制定关于投资顾问和受监管基金加密托管的规则。该提案可能允许顾问直接持有某些资产,或在特定保障措施下使用合格的州信托公司。

另一项过户代理提案将更新代币化证券所有权记录的维护方式。这些措施可能会改变加密项目如何筹集资金以及投资公司如何持有基于区块链的资产,但仅适用于联邦证券法适用的情况。

CFTC最清晰的途径在于杠杆交易

CFTC监管商品衍生品,如期货和互换,以及某些涉及保证金、杠杆或融资的零售商品交易。这赋予了它在无需国会新授权的情况下监管部分加密交易的途径。

塞利格指示员工审查现有企业和加密交易所是否可以在定制的CFTC规则下作为指定合约市场的一种类型运营。这些平台可以提供杠杆或保证金加密交易,同时受到联邦注册、监控和客户保护要求的约束。

在8月20日概述该计划的声明中,塞利格还表示,该机构将与寻求合规链上金融协议开发路径的开发人员合作。

普通的现货交易构成了更大的问题。用现金购买加密资产并接收交付与交易期货合约或开立杠杆头寸不同。CFTC可以追查涉及现货商品市场的欺诈和操纵行为,但这与通过注册制度持续监督交易所不同。该机构缺乏CLARITY法案将提供的对传统现货数字商品平台进行注册和监管的全面权限。

现有权限不足以构成完整框架

机构目前能解决的问题:

  • 证券发行和披露要求
  • 顾问和受监管基金的托管
  • 代币化证券和过户代理记录
  • 衍生品及部分杠杆加密交易

仍需国会解决的问题:

  • 现货数字商品交易所的全面注册
  • SEC和CFTC权限之间的法定界限
  • 不依赖机构领导的法定标准
  • 现货平台资本和客户资产的加密特定规则

Agencies can coordinate their interpretations, but they cannot make this division of authority permanent. Future agency leaders may revise their rules, and companies or industry groups can challenge regulators in court if they believe they exceed their legal powers.

The plans of the SEC and CFTC are at different stages

The Crypto Assets Regulation has been proposed and is going through the SEC's public comment process. Its final wording may change before members vote on whether to adopt it.

Less progress has been made in the custody framework. Atkins has instructed employees to prepare the framework, but the complete proposal, the institutions covered and operating conditions have not yet been announced. His speech on September 14 described the expected direction rather than the finished rule.

The CFTC has also described structures it wants employees to explore, but it has not yet released a complete market structure proposal. Important details remain unknown, including which platforms qualify, how client assets will be handled, and exactly which leveraged transactions fall within the scope of the framework.

Selig's statement that the agency is ready to act therefore refers to its ability to initiate or accelerate rulemaking. This does not mean that the new requirements have taken effect.

CLARITY Voting and Fed Decision: Crypto Scenarios Worth Attention

Four developments will show whether these plans have substance:

  1. SEC Custody Proposal: The text should determine which companies can hold crypto assets, whether self-custody is allowed, and what safeguards apply.
  2. 最终的筹资规则:公开评论后进行的更改将显示哪些项目可以实际使用这些豁免。
  3. CFTC市场提案:其范围将揭示该机构是专注于衍生品和杠杆交易,还是测试对其权限更广泛的解释。
  4. 共享监管定义:来自SEC和CFTC兼容的术语将降低同一资产或交易受到冲突处理的风险。

局限于明确既定权限的规则可能会减少市场特定部分的不确定性。试图在没有国会参与的情况下构建全面的现货市场监管可能会更早开始,但面临被法院推翻或在未来领导层下逆转的更大风险。

本文仅提供信息目的,不构成法律、财务或投资建议。机构提案可能在规则制定过程中发生变化,并可能接受司法审查。

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