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ETH A new cryptographic building block for the quantum age
LayerZero_Core released Akita's paper and source code. Akita is a polynomial commitment scheme that aims to strip away components of zero-knowledge proof systems that are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks and replace them with lattice-based mathematical theory.
According to LayerZero's official announcement, Akita is regarded as the first lattice-based multivariate polynomial commitment scheme that can be put into production environments. It supports Transparent Setup, eliminating the need to rely on Trusted Ceremony.
This scheme is based on a lattice problem called "Modular Short Integer Solutions"(Module-SIS), which belongs to a family of mathematical systems standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for post-quantum encryption and digital signatures. NIST finalized the first post-quantum cryptographic standards in 2024, and since then the broader security community has been moving towards being resistant to quantum primitives.
The original Jolt architecture relied on Dory, a polynomial commitment scheme that uses elliptic curve cryptography. Although elliptic curves provide strong protection for traditional computers, in theory, a powerful quantum computer running the Shor algorithm can derive private keys from public keys. Akita addresses this risk by completely replacing this component that is vulnerable to quantum attacks. Since the rest of the proof system is safe in the information-theoretical sense, the introduction of a quantum-resistant commitment scheme ensures the security of the entire proof stack.
Akita was developed by LayerZero researchers and engineers in collaboration with Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Southern California, and the a16zcrypto team.
Smaller proof scale and faster proof speed
Performance data is one of Akita's core advantages. Akita's proof is only 65 to 80 KB in size, which is significantly smaller than the more than 200 KB typically required for hash-based post-quantum solutions, and two to eight times smaller than other existing post-quantum alternatives. In addition, it proves to be two to three times faster than its predecessor, and reduces memory usage by about half.
Lattice Jolt, a zkVM version integrated with Akita, can achieve up to 2 million RV64 IMAC cycles per second on CPU alone without GPU acceleration. If GPU acceleration is enabled, this value can exceed 10 million cycles per second.
Akita's first deployment was within Jolt, a zero-knowledge virtual machine built in cooperation with a16zcrypto and the infrastructure that supports the LayerZero Zero blockchain. The current version provides concise proof of computational correctness, while upcoming supporting papers will supplement the zero-knowledge attributes needed to keep private information hidden. LayerZero also describes Akita as an independent primitive that can be adopted by any proof system that seeks post-quantum security.
As the crypto industry faces increasing pressure to deal with quantum threats, this release comes at the right time. Projects such as Google and Ethereum are pushing migration schedules, with some estimates naming 2029 as a key milestone for high-risk systems.
