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Following
ETH Ethereum's "world computer" transformation is rewriting the blockchain verification mechanism
Core summary:
- Hegotá and lightweight Lean Ethereum are driving the evolution of quantum-resistant design.
- PeerDAS has been online since Fusaka's upgrade in December 2025, allowing nodes to sample Blob data rather than download the entire data.
- Hegotá is expected to be launched in 2027 and may be the last forked version of Ethereum that developers are generally familiar with before deeper cryptographic reconstructions.
- EIP-7805 will introduce a validator supported inclusion list in Hegotá to curb censorship by individual block builders.
- Ethereum plans to complete the construction of post-core quantum infrastructure around 2029, while promoting lightweight consensus and recursive STARKs technology.
Vitalik Buterin outlines long-term architectural blueprint for Ethereum
Vitalik Buterin outlines a long-term architectural solution for Ethereum that could make it increasingly difficult for the network to be described as a traditional blockchain. This model combines decentralized consensus, zero-knowledge proof, distributed computing, privacy systems, and post-quantum cryptography.
In an article titled "Cryptography World Computers" on September 27, Buterin pointed out that the current network has combined blockchain principles from the Bitcoin era with newer cryptographic research. His framework describes a system where verification no longer relies on repeating all calculations at each node, but relies more on certification, data sampling, and dedicated distributed infrastructure.
This shift is already visible in multiple parts of the roadmap. Data availability, block building, and consensus mechanisms are moving towards reducing redundancy while maintaining verifiability at the network level.
From traditional blockchain to cryptographic world computers: Refactoring of authentication mechanisms
Traditional blockchain requires a large number of nodes to download data and independently re-execute transactions. Buterin describes an architecture that increasingly replaces this model with data sampling and cryptographic proof verification.
Consensus mechanisms have shifted from proof-of-work (PoW) to proof-of-stake (PoS), while more optimized lightweight consensus designs are still under development. At the same time, block building is becoming more distributed and no longer relies too much on a single miner or block builder.
PeerDAS is an early example of this direction. Introduced through the Fusaka upgrade in December 2025, it allows nodes to verify the availability of blobs by sampling data, rather than downloading every blob. This reduces bandwidth requirements while supporting higher Layer 2 capacity. The result is that more computing can be moved beyond the base layer without compromising Ethereum's ability to verify results through cryptography.
Hegotá与轻量级以太坊：迈向抗量子安全设计
下一个重大里程碑是Hegotá，目前预计将于2027年推出。Buterin将其描述为可能最后一个对来自早期网络时代的开发者来说广泛熟悉的升级。
FOCIL（正式编号为EIP-7805）计划纳入Hegotá。它将引入由验证者支持的包含列表，旨在限制个别区块构建者审查有效交易的能力。然而，由于该升级的更广泛范围仍在开发中，其他功能和发布时间表仍可能发生变化。
超越Hegotá之后，研究重点日益集中在递归STARKs、形式化验证和高级状态管理上。EIP-8288提供了其中一个示例。该草案提案将在内存池中聚合抗量子签名和STARK证明，然后为区块验证生成一个递归证明。
轻量级以太坊（Lean Ethereum）进一步扩展了这一方向，包括重新设计的共识机制、基于哈希的后量子签名、形式化验证以及秒级最终性。此外，以太坊基金会目标是在约2029年完成核心后量子基础设施的建设。
综上所述，Buterin的框架描绘了一个这样的网络：去中心化的链下系统处理更大的工作负载，而密码学证明则保障安全承诺。他将这一架构称为“密码学世界计算机”。
