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SEC staff said: As long as the network is operating normally, token repurchase will not make cryptoc

2026-09-28 00:23:53
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SEC员工就加密货币项目回购代币发布新指南

美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的员工近日对加密货币项目回购自身代币的行为亮起了绿灯,但附带了一个重要条件。在周五发布的最新常见问题解答(FAQs)中,该机构公司金融部表示,一旦加密系统投入运营,宣布代币回购计划并不构成对“基本管理努力”的承诺。

这是判断某项资产是否属于投资合同进而被认定为证券的“豪威测试”(Howey test)中的关键要素。对于尚未投入运营的加密网络,情况则有所不同。员工指出,如果发行方将回购宣传为能为持有者带来收益或回报,那么此类公告可能会越过监管红线。

功能网络与未成熟网络的区别

常见问题解答还强调,在网络功能完善后,关于维持、升级或扩大其规模的承诺不符合豪威测试的标准。此外,推广系统的现有用途,或者发表不涉及盈利预期的模糊愿景声明,通常也不会被视为违规。

法律专家解读:监管转向“自愿选择”

MetaLeX Labs的公司证券律师、Delphi Labs前总法律顾问加布里埃尔·夏皮罗(Gabriel Shapiro)表示,这一指导方针具有重要意义。他在社交媒体X上写道:“至少就SEC对加密货币的应用而言,证券法正开始呈现出‘自愿选择’的特征。”他补充道,关于回购的部分“超出了我的预期”。

在夏皮罗看来,项目团队可以继续建设,通过回购支撑价格,并享受公开融资带来的诸多优势,而无需赋予持有者类似股东的权利。他写道:“他们在旨在防止人们通过法律条款规避经济现实的监管体系中,打开了一条漏洞。”

他指出,加密货币行业更大的趋势并非股权代币化,而是追求“享有股权的所有好处,却不承担任何负担”。

政策背景与未来不确定性

尽管这些常见问题解答不具有法律约束力,但它们建立在SEC今年3月发布的解释性声明及其《加密资产条例》提案的基础之上。该提案允许项目在无需完全注册的情况下出售代币。此外,这些FAQs也紧随SEC在参议院未能通过《清晰度法案》(Clarity Act)后推出的代币化股票创新豁免措施。

SEC Chairman Paul Atkins said in July that regulators would step in if the bill was blocked; the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) issued a similar warning in August. While the cryptocurrency industry has generally viewed regulation as the way forward, risks remain because institutional rules are easier to revoke than laws. Shapiro made the same point: "Private plaintiffs or future SEC may see it differently."

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