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Coinbase现可通过USDC全天候结算衍生品

2026-09-29 15:32:43
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Coinbase 获得美国 CFTC 注册,建立自有清算机构以完善衍生品业务版图

Coinbase 已获得美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)的注册批准,正式确立 Coinbase Clearing LLC 为其受监管的清算机构。这一举措标志着 Coinbase 拥有了自己的受监管清算中心,专门用于处理全额抵押衍生品。

核心要点摘要

1. 业务范围明确: CFTC 已注册 Coinbase Clearing LLC,允许其清算全额抵押的期货、期货期权以及互换合约。此次注册并未赋予该清算机构处理 Coinbase 保证金衍生品业务的权限。

2. 完善合规架构: Coinbase Clearing 的成立,配合此前已有的期货佣金商(FCM)和指定合约市场(DCM),共同构成了 Coinbase 在美国完整的受监管衍生品基础设施体系。

3. 技术特色: 新的清算机构将采用 USDC 作为抵押品,并支持全天候结算服务。Coinbase 表示,这使其能够构建一个以原生 USDC 为支撑的清算平台。

4. 保留外部合作: 对于保证金衍生品业务以及计划推出的美国单一股票永续合约,Coinbase 将继续依赖外部合作伙伴进行清算,而非全部转移至自有清算机构。

监管批准与合规架构

Coinbase 于 2025 年 11 月提交 DCO(衍生品清算组织)注册申请,并于 9 月 28 日获得 CFTC 的最终批准。Coinbase 宣布,CFTC 正式批准 Coinbase Clearing 成为一家衍生品清算组织(DCO),从而完成了公司在交易所、经纪业务及清算运营方面的全链条受监管结构。

根据 CFTC 的记录,Coinbase Clearing 自 9 月 28 日起正式注册,获准清算全额抵押的期货、期货期权及互换合约。值得注意的是,该注册并不包含对 Coinbase 现有保证金衍生品业务的清算授权。

Coinbase Markets 在官方声明中强调:“CFTC 已批准推出 Coinbase Clearing LLC——这是我们首个以 USDC 原生的清算机构。该平台专为全天候结算设计,支持以 USDC 作为抵押品,至此我们完整的受监管衍生品基础设施栈已全面就绪。”

USDC 原生清算与全天候结算

Coinbase 称其为“首个 USDC 原生清算机构”,并计划使用 USDC 作为抵押品,提供 24/7 不间断的结算服务。需要指出的是,“首个 USDC 原生”这一描述由 Coinbase 提出,并非 CFTC 注册系统中的官方分类术语。

随着 DCO 注册的落地,Coinbase 目前运营着三家受监管实体,分别覆盖其美国衍生品业务的不同环节:

  • Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.:担任期货佣金商(FCM)角色。
  • Coinbase Derivatives, LLC:作为公司的指定合约市场(DCM)。
  • Coinbase Clearing LLC:作为新的衍生品清算组织(DCO)。

Coinbase Derivatives 的历史可追溯至 2020 年 11 月 23 日,当时其前身 LMX Labs LLC 获得 CFTC 指定合约市场资格,后更名为 FairX,最终在 Coinbase 收购该平台后改为现名,并于 2023 年 12 月正式变更为 Coinbase Derivatives, LLC。在此次新清算机构注册之前,Coinbase Derivatives 一直依赖 Nodal Clear 为其交易所交易的产品提供清算服务,CFTC 的历史记录中仍保留着 Nodal Clear 作为清算提供商的信息。

Coinbase 首席法务官 Molly Abraham 将此批准称为公司“端到端衍生品基础设施”的完成。她指出,这一架构将使 Coinbase 能够利用原生 USDC 抵押品和连续结算机制,向市场推出受监管的衍生品产品。

清算范围与产品规划

CFTC 的注册范围仅限于 Coinbase 整体衍生品业务的一部分。监管机构明确允许 Coinbase Clearing 处理“全额抵押”的期货、期货期权和互换合约,这意味着通过新实体清算的产品必须满足全额抵押的要求。

虽然 Coinbase 明确表示清算模型旨在支持资金和结算持续进行的产品,但公司尚未公布哪些具体新产品将立即迁移至 Coinbase Clearing,也未给出首批合约在新 DCO 清算的具体日期。

此次授权源于近一年前的申请。CFTC 记录显示,Coinbase Clearing 于 2025 年 11 月 14 日提交了 DCO 注册申请,文件中包含了拟议规则手册、监管合规材料、计划清算活动摘要以及公司组织结构详情。截至 9 月 28 日,CFTC 已将 Coinbase Clearing 从待注册名单移至正式注册的 DCO 名单中。

保证金衍生品与单一股票永续合约

Coinbase 并不打算将所有衍生品产品都纳入自有清算机构。由于新的 DCO 授权仅涵盖全额抵押合约,公司表示现有的外部合作伙伴将继续支持其保证金衍生品业务的部分运营。

此外,Coinbase 计划推出的单一股票永续合约也将继续使用外部合作伙伴。早在 9 月初,Coinbase 已通过其受监管的衍生品交易所和经纪业务,向监管机构提交申请,旨在将单一股票永续合约引入美国市场。相关文件涉及 Coinbase Derivatives 和 Coinbase Financial Markets,但未设定具体的上市日期。

Coinbase reportedly subsequently sought regulatory approval to launch more than 50 single-stock perpetual contracts, including Nvidia, Microsoft and Tesla. These products are planned to be traded 24/7 from Monday to Friday and have no fixed expiration date. However, these contracts still require an independent regulatory process. Coinbase's DCO approval does not itself authorize the immediate launch of these stock perpetual contracts, and the company has made it clear that it will continue to use external clearing partners while these businesses operate under their respective regulatory arrangements.

Future Outlook

With the official registration of Coinbase Clearing, Coinbase said it plans to gradually develop more regulated fully collateralized derivatives in the future. Although the company did not disclose specific contracts or product release schedules for the first batch launches, its statement stated that it aims to strengthen infrastructure support for existing products and build capabilities for future products.

Coinbase's regulated derivatives business continues to expand through acquisitions and new registrations. In 2022, Coinbase acquired FairX, gaining control of a CFTC regulated derivatives exchange that later evolved into Coinbase Derivatives. This new DCO registration allows Coinbase Clearing to join the ranks of other CFTC registration and clearing organizations approved to process full mortgage products, such as Gemini Olympus, Electron Exchange DCO, ProphetX and Polymarket Clearing.

Currently, Coinbase has not announced the specific time when its first contract will be settled at Coinbase Clearing. For margin derivatives and planned single equity perpetual contracts, the company reiterated that it will continue to use existing clearing partners.

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