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Vitalik Buterin表示,以太坊最后一次“正常”分叉计划于2027年进行

2026-09-28 21:17:38
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以太坊可能重新分工协作

以太坊联合创始人维塔利克·布特林(Vitalik Buterin)在9月27日发布的一篇文章中表示,以太坊“已经不仅仅是一个区块链了”。他的计划旨在用密码学证明取代重复的计算过程,以确认工作是否被正确完成。在这种新架构下,将应用程序拆分为独立任务运行的开发者,其成本可能会低于那些将所有功能捆绑在一起的开发者。

虽然他在展望2030年愿景时提到最终确认时间约为8到32秒,但这属于未来的设计构想,而非当前可用的技术。计划于2027年实施的Hegota升级,很可能是以太坊最后一次被视为“常规”的分叉。所谓“常规”,是指其技术形态对于2015年的观察者来说仍然熟悉。在此之后,高级证明、形式化验证和高度优化的共识机制将成为推动发展的核心力量。

加密世界的计算机:从区块链到混合体

布特林认为,网络正在演变为一种比区块链更宏大的存在。他在文章和X平台帖子中阐述了自己的观点:“它真的不再仅仅是一个区块链了。”账本依然存在,但网络的大部分工作将更多地依赖于密码学工具和外部基础设施。

This vision paints what Ethereum will look like in 2030, including faster final confirmation speeds, lighter verification mechanisms and stronger privacy protections. Butrin attempts to succinctly convey the true meaning of everything that has changed in the Ethereum project since the Hegota fork: It is a hybrid, an encrypted world computer.

How Ethereum splits work tasks

Currently, Ethereum participants need to download blocks and repeat calculations to confirm that the rules are followed. Although this process is effective, it consumes a lot of energy. Buterin pointed out that future designs will replace most of the repetitive work with cryptographic proof and data samples. Participants do not need to redo the entire calculation, only need to verify evidence that it has been completed correctly.

He mentioned that early attempts to split work tasks across the network encountered problems. Assigning tasks is relatively easy, but reliably checking task completion is not. Teams used in the past for inspections added costs, delays and new risks. "The main reason why this was not feasible at the time was: the lack of a key element-a verification mechanism." Butrin wrote.

He believes that modern cryptography now provides this missing puzzle. As a result, decentralization can help the network store more data and handle more work at the same time.

Impact on Developers

布特林还强调,并非所有计算都应承担相同的成本。在他的提议设计中,开发者有理由将应用程序拆分为可并行运行的独立任务。将一切打包进单一步骤交易的应用程序成本更高,而由独立部分并行构建的应用程序成本则更低。

一些证明和签名将在进入区块之前被合并,从而减少链本身需要直接处理的数据量。“在构建应用程序时,计算的结构性开始变得至关重要。”布特林写道。链将专注于需要共享排序的变化,而外部系统则负责支持性工作。

对用户而言,该计划承诺提高交易包含的保证、增强隐私性以及降低节点运行要求。其203年大纲提出的最终确认时间为8至32秒,这些数字描述的是未来设计,而非当前现实。

布特林表示,仍存在一些工程障碍。证明必须变得足够高效和安全,而管理大量存储应用数据的访问权限是一个更难解决的问题。他还提到了混淆技术(obfuscation),这是一种可能在将来允许加密计算的密码学方法。他将其描述为一种可能性,而非近期变更的必要条件。

关于速度,他设定了明确的界限:“以太坊本身永远不会拥有能与服务器相媲美的低延迟,但围绕其构建的基础设施可以。”他写道。

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