七名民主党参议员重启CLARITY法案谈判,加密市场结构立法前景仍不明朗
在参议院以49票赞成、50票反对的结果否决了终止辩论的动议后,七名民主党参议员重新开启了关于《CLARITY法案》(数字资产市场清晰法案)的谈判。该投票结果导致这项加密市场结构法案距离开启辩论所需的60票门槛还差11票。
此前反对终止辩论动议的七名民主党人表示,《CLARITY法案》的努力“尚未结束”。Coinme的首席执行官兼联合创始人Neil Bergquist指出,联邦市场结构法规不会取代各州对数字资产公司的许可要求。由于证券交易委员会(SEC)和商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)的管辖权尚不明确,平台必须评估每种代币的法律和运营风险。Bergquist预计,在中期选举前法案陷入停滞期间,相关机构的规则制定工作将继续推进。
联邦规则无法替代州级许可要求
Coinme首席执行官兼联合创始人Neil Bergquist在接受采访时指出,虽然重振该法案有望减少代币分类方面的不确定性,但它并不能消除数字资产公司在美国各地必须获得的州级许可证。
On September 15, the Senate rejected a motion to close debate to initiate proceedings under the Digital Asset Markets CLARITY Act. According to the official roll call, 49 senators supported the motion and 50 opposed it, preventing the Senate from debating at this stage. Seven senators, including Kirsten Gillibrand, Angela Alsobrooks, Cory Booker, Catherine Cortez Masto, Ruben Gallego, Mark Warner and Raphael Warnock, voted against. A day later, the seven Democrats issued a joint statement saying the result was not the end of their legislative work.
Their statement referred to the negotiation process of the past two years and promised to continue working in a bipartisan manner. However, Democrats and Republicans remain divided on ethics provisions, including restrictions on elected officials and their digital asset businesses.
Bergquist said: "Because the bill focuses on the federal market structure, there will be no change in licensing requirements on a state basis." He added: "It's mainly about the classification of digital assets and which agency (SEC or CFTC) regulates them."
Under the proposed framework, federal law would divide liability for digital assets between the SEC and the CFTC. Classification of tokens will help determine which agency oversees relevant transactions and commercial activities. However, state governments may still require businesses providing services within their jurisdiction to obtain funds transfer licenses or other approvals. Bergquist said "these obligations are likely to remain" regardless of whether the bill is passed or not.
对于跨州经营的企业来说,这种区别意味着联邦市场结构立法可以解决一部分问题,但不会建立单一的国家许可制度。平台仍需同时管理州级要求和与其产品及上市资产相关的联邦规则。
SEC与CFTC角色模糊影响代币上架
Bergquist表示,由于缺乏区分证券型代币和商品型代币的一致联邦标准,Coinme通过涵盖法律和运营风险的流程来审查潜在的上架项目。该公司在检查证券问题的同时,还会考量网络安全和流动性等因素。即使完成评估,平台仍面临监管机构日后对资产进行分类不同的可能性。
“在没有明确指导的情况下,我们对监管机构如何分类代币的理解可能与未来的决定不同,”Bergquist说。因此,Coinme在审查资产时会参考多个来源,包括SEC和CFTC之前的声明和执法行动。Bergquist将由此得出的决定描述为“有根据的猜测”,因为两个机构都没有提供能让平台在所有代币类别中获得完全确定性的界限。
总统任期的更替增加了另一层风险。新总统可以任命这两个机构的不同领导人,新任官员可能会采取与其前任立场不同的解释。这种担忧与其他行业高管在参议院投票后的评论相符。此前的专家评估发现,相比比特币,山寨币、代币发行方、去中心化金融(DeFi)平台和美国交易所面临更大的不确定性,因为它们的法律待遇在很大程度上取决于未解决的分类规则。
比特币已通过受监管的美国交易所交易基金(ETF)进行交易,通常被视为商品。许多其他资产缺乏同样的确定性,迫使交易所决定是否上架它们会带来未来的证券法风险。
清晰的分类可降低合规成本
据Bergquist称,联邦分类框架可以通过减少公司为每项资产和司法管辖区开发独立法律分析的需求来降低费用。“CLARITY法案本可以降低成本并扩大消费者访问权限,”他说。目前,公司必须进行单独的风险审查,以决定代币在其运营的各个地区的处理方式。SEC和CFTC职权的清晰划分可以标准化部分工作,即使州级许可职责保持不变。
Bergquist还表示,法案通过可能会吸引传统金融机构和投资基金的资本。银行、资产管理公司和其他机构通常拥有利润丰厚的业务,这使得不确定的监管风险更难被合理化。“如果没有CLARITY法案,规避监管模糊性不值得冒这个风险,特别是对于那些拥有庞大且表现良好的业务需要保护的机构而言,”他说。
机构参与并不完全取决于国会。Bitwise首席投资官Matt Hougan最近将此次挫折称为“减速带,而非路障”,理由是比特币的表现以及金融领域产品的持续推出。Hougan的这一评估是在比特币从7月底约57,950美元的低点升至9月初超过80,000美元,而该法案成为法律的预测市场概率下降的背景下提出的。Bitwise将此背离视为证据,反驳了其早先的预期,即立法失败必然导致加密货币交易再次长期疲软。
民主党面临紧张的参议院日程
民主党人的声明重新开启了一条可能的谈判途径,但目前尚未安排第二次终止辩论投票。任何新的尝试仍需足够多的参议员组成一个60票的联盟。
在投票之前,民主党人提交了一份包含其首选修改方案的反提案。共和党人拒绝了这一提议,而Gillibrand此前已确定道德规则是民主党支持的必要条件,包括禁止国会议员发行模因币(memecoins)的限制。
Senator Cynthia Lummis warned before the vote that opportunity was "now or forever." After the failure, she said the legislation was hopeless during this Congress, contradicting assessments from seven Democrats seeking more negotiations.
StoneX analysts estimate that the Senate has only about 14 working days left before the campaign takes over the agenda. Even if senators reach an agreement, the measure will still have to pass the Senate and complete the remaining legislative process. Bergquist expects no response until the midterm elections, and the bill's final form will depend on which party controls the next Congress.
"Although we need a successful vote first, and Democrats have drawn a clear bottom line on how to implement its crypto ethics provisions," he said.
Without Congressional legislation, SEC and CFTC continue rule-making
While legislation is stalled, Bergquist expects federal agencies to continue to develop encryption rules within existing areas of authority. "The real impact of the loss is turning the spotlight to the SEC and CFTC, which have begun drafting rules without waiting for Congress," he said. Institutional rules can provide operational guidance, but may not be as durable as statutes, as future leaders may revise or reverse regulatory positions. Bergquist's concerns about government change also apply to frameworks established solely through SEC or CFTC action.
前CFTC主席Chris Giancarlo提出了类似的观点,他表示在当前两位机构领导层的领导下,数字资产政策的工作可以继续,无需新立法。Bernstein分析师也预计监管机构将解决代币分类、去中心化金融基础设施、自我托管保护以及代币化股票等问题。
国会继续在单独的数字资产措施上开展工作。在失败的终止辩论投票后一天,众议院筹款委员会以38比5的票数推进了一项加密税收法案。《数字资产税收确定性法案》提议对某些网络费和交易费提供最高10美元的最低限度例外。它还解决了数字资产借贷、洗售处理、质押奖励、交易商规则和报告要求等问题,同时将参议院未决的市场结构问题留给单独的立法程序处理。

Exchange Ranking
Top Exchanges
24h Volume Ranking
Popularity Ranking
Exchange BTC Balance
Proof of Reserves
Decentralized Exchanges
Funding Rate
Funding Heatmap
Liquidation Data
Max Pain
Long/Short Ratio
Whale L/S Ratio
Binance/Okex/Huobi L/S
Bitfinex Margin L/S
ETF Tracker
Solana ETF
XRP ETF
Hong Kong ETF
Bitcoin Treasuries
Crypto Reversal
Ethereum Reserves
HyperLiquid Wallet Analysis
Hyperliquid Whale Watch
Large Transactions
On-chain Movement
Bitcoin ROI
Stablecoin Market Cap
Options Analysis
News
Articles
Economic Calendar
Features
Wallet
Contract Calculator
Security
Collections
Watchlist
Following
BTC