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BTC 哈萨克斯坦：将环境负债转化为加密货币挖矿的潜在生命线
哈萨克斯坦正致力于将其长期的环境负担转化为加密货币挖矿行业的潜在生机，探索如何利用油田伴生气（flare gas）为这一长期面临电力短缺困境的行业提供动力。
从挖矿热潮到电力危机
2021年，哈萨克斯坦经历了加密货币挖矿的热潮，这暴露了其老化电力基础设施的薄弱环节。大量矿工的涌入给电网系统带来了巨大压力，导致部分地区出现电力短缺和停电现象。作为回应，政府引入了一种拍卖制度，规定挖矿公司只能通过专用平台购买剩余电力。然而在实践中，往往几乎没有或完全没有剩余电力可供购买。加上税收、许可及其他限制措施，这些政策迫使许多矿工要么离开哈萨克斯坦，要么转入灰色市场。
去年，政府的策略开始转变，当局推出了旨在引导合法加密货币挖矿回归的激励措施和项目。最新的举措将这一努力推向了新的高度。
利用伴生气解决电力难题
On July 8, Kazakhstan President Kasem Jomart Tokayev signed a decree allowing oil producers to convert associated petroleum gas that is usually burned at wellheads into off-grid electricity, specifically used to support cryptocurrency mining operations. The decree also increases tax incentives for compliant crypto activities and establishes cross-border settlement rules for stablecoins.
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan said that associated gas is currently burning in about 40 to 60 oil fields. It is estimated that a total of 300 million to 340 million cubic meters of associated petroleum gas will be burned in 2024. If these gases are converted into electricity, approximately 1.2 to 1.3 TWh of electricity can be generated.
This model is designed to achieve win-win results. For oil producers, the main economic benefit comes not from avoiding fines, but from eliminating production restrictions related to waste gas treatment; and the arrangement has zero cost to oil companies because the required infrastructure is borne by cryptocurrency miners. In turn, miners will get a more stable and cheaper source of electricity without adding extra pressure to the national grid.
Batyr Bauyrzhan, technical director of power solutions integrator WES LLP, points out that this solution allows miners to lock in electricity prices for many years and avoid relying on grid power solutions where tariffs may fluctuate.
This model is not without precedent. It has already gained attention in the United States, where companies such as Crusoe Energy have established business systems to convert associated gas into mining power in places such as North Dakota and Wyoming.
Gizzat Baitursynov, deputy minister of artificial intelligence and digital development in Kazakhstan, said the two departments were working on a legal framework to clarify the rules because miners had shown strong interest in the arrangement.
