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FollowingThe UK's Financial Conduct Authority joins forces to crack down on illegal cryptocurrency transactions in London
On September 10, the UK's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) collaborated with the UK's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and the Metropolitan Police of London to launch coordinated enforcement operations against suspected illegal peer-to-peer (P2P) cryptocurrency traders in three locations in London. During this operation, law enforcement officers issued cease and desist orders to relevant venues, requiring the immediate termination of all potential violations.
Details of coordinated enforcement action
During this action, FCA officials, together with the tax and law enforcement departments, visited each site one by one and issued a stop order ordering them to stop all potentially illegal activities. The action is based on the Anti-Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Fund Transfer Regulations 2017, which applies to all cryptocurrency companies engaged in the purchase and sale of digital assets in the UK.
A spokesman for the FCA said this was the second such operation following a raid earlier this year. Evidence gathered during the first crackdown is now supporting ongoing criminal investigations. Any business conducting cryptocurrency asset business in the UK must register with the regulator. The FCA confirmed that there are currently no registered peer-to-peer cryptocurrency trading companies operating in the country, which means that such companies are unregistered by default.
The joint operation targets individuals who operate cryptocurrency transactions in a commercial form but have not registered with relevant authorities. The FCA pointed out that this unregulated state could lead to the transfer and laundering of illicit funds through the financial system.
FCA执行与市场监督执行董事史蒂夫·斯马特（Steve Smart）表示：“任何经营未注册的点对点加密货币业务的人都应假定我们已将其纳入监控范围。”
警务实践与挑战
伦敦大都会警察局的萨提什·阿拉萨苏南达兰姆警探强调了调查此类案件的难度，他指出加密货币的技术复杂性以及资产跨境流动的便捷性使得调查工作充满挑战。他强调，随着非法运营商不断演变其手段，执法部门也在调整其战术。
未注册的交易者绕过了FCA监督下的反洗钱控制措施，使其成为犯罪活动的理想渠道。此前，FCA因Olumide Osunkoya运营非法加密货币ATM网络而成功判处其四年监禁，并协助逮捕了涉及非法交易所的嫌疑人。
目前，英国的加密货币资产仅受反洗钱法律和金融推广规则的监管。尚未建立专门的加密货币许可制度，这使得大多数点对点平台处于直接监管之外。
然而，这一监管格局将从2027年10月25日起发生重大变化，届时将引入专为数字资产企业定制的FCA新规。新制度的注册申请将于2027年9月30日开始开放，为在英国合法运营提供正式途径。
监管机构职能简介
- 金融行为监管局 (FCA)：负责监督金融市场并对非法活动进行执法。
- 英国税务海关总署 (HMRC)：负责税收征收及金融犯罪调查。
- 伦敦大都会警察局：负责伦敦地区的执法及刑事调查。
FCA强调，其将持续致力于打击加密货币领域的非法金融活动，并表示未注册企业将面临进一步的监管审查和潜在的起诉。
