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Following关键洞察
Coinbase 面临法律挑战，因为独立社区银行家协会（ICBA）就加密信托牌照问题起诉了货币监理署（OCC）。Circle 和 Crypto.com 也寻求 OCC 的信托银行批准。这场诉讼加剧了更广泛的加密货币银行和稳定币政策辩论。
Coinbase 和其他加密货币巨头再次面临监管反弹的风险，他们正试图组建与加密货币有关联的全国性特许银行。2026年10月2日，独立社区银行家协会（ICBA）对货币监理署（OCC）提起诉讼，认为 OCC 无权向“从事大量非受托活动的实体”颁发国家信托银行执照。
该诉讼特别引用了 OCC 发布的一项规则及伴随的指导方针，允许创建专注于加密货币的新型信托银行。Coinbase、Circle 和 Crypto.com 等公司均利用了这一特定的漏洞。
这并非关于美国加密业务合法性的冲突，而是关于国家信托牌照能在多大程度上支持此类企业的讨论。换句话说，Coinbase 案是对界限的测试。
Coinbase 已跨越牌照红线
考虑到 Coinbase 已经度过了其银行冒险中最艰难的时期，这一特定问题的出现时机显得有些奇怪。根据从 OCC 获得的信息，Coinbase 申请成立 Coinbase National Trust Company 的申请于 2025 年 10 月 3 日提交，并于 2026 年 4 月 2 日获得该机构批准。
The company noted that the approval was conditional and that the new entity would specialize in custody and market infrastructure rather than commercial banking. Moreover, this difference is at the heart of litigation.
National Trust Bank is not an ordinary bank. They are different, which is why they were created. Trust banks allow people to make transactions that ordinary banks explicitly refuse to provide. Coinbase has said its proposed entity will not absorb retail deposits or participate in part reserve banking.
Community Bank sues OCC over crypto company's banking license| Source: XCircle makes a similar distinction. Its Circle National Trust entity does not accept deposits or make loans, and the digital assets it holds are not protected by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance.
ICBA believes that this structure imposes different regulatory burdens on traditional community banks. "Congress did not use the National Trust Licence as a side door into the banking system," said ICBA President and CEO Rebecca Romero Rainey.
Licensing queuing for crypto entities is growing
Circle has entered the final approval stage. The company said on July 10 that the OCC approved First National Digital Currency Bank,., The company operates as Circle National Trust. The entity aims to provide institutional digital asset custody services under federal supervision.
相比之下，Crypto.com 仍处于较早阶段。OCC 于 2 月 20 日授予 Foris DAX National Trust Bank 初步有条件批准，该银行计划作为 Crypto.com National Trust Bank 运营。
拟议的银行将提供托管、质押及相关服务，但 OCC 尚未授予最终授权以开展业务。这场诉讼并不意味着 Coinbase、Circle 或 Crypto.com 自动失去了他们的批准。
相反，ICBA 正在挑战 OCC 用于国家信托银行的监管框架，同时单独要求法院撤销 Protego 的条件性牌照。
OCC 基于不同的法律依据为基本规则辩护。二月的最终规则澄清了国家信托银行从事与信托公司运营相关的某些非受托活动的长期权力。该机构表示，这一变化既不会扩大也不会缩小其发牌权。
Coinbase 面临 OCC 监督，银行业集团挑战加密牌照
监管争议超出了托管范围。OCC 的数字资产许可记录显示，寻求国家银行或信托牌照的公司管线不断增长，包括 Payward National Trust Company、Zerohash National Trust Bank 和 EDX Trust。
国家牌照将使 Coinbase、Circle 和 Crypto.com 的特定数字资产活动处于 OCC 的直接监督之下。
However, the ICBA believes that National Trust Banks without deposits are not subject to some of the same requirements as insured deposit institutions, including FDIC insurance, certain capital and liquidity standards, and Community Reinvestment Act obligations. This argument also links the lawsuit to the broader stablecoin battle.
Banking groups have been pressing Congress for months to tighten the CLARITY Act's treatment of stablecoins interest, earnings and rewards. In September, the ICBA and other banking associations urged senators to tighten those restrictions, arguing that stablecoins should remain transactional products rather than substances for bank deposits. (That is, it is argued that stablecoins should remain a trading product rather than a substitute for bank deposits.)
Coin Republic has also tracked the banking industry's resistance to stablecoin yield products, describing the debate as a battle over whether digital assets can begin to compete more directly with traditional savings products. Now, the OCC's lawsuit brings this broader disagreement into court.
