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BTC 众议院委员会推动将特朗普“战略比特币储备”写入法律
美国众议院委员会于周三以28票赞成、21票反对的结果，有利通过了《美国储备现代化法案》（H.R. 8957）。该法案旨在将总统唐纳德·特朗普设立的“战略比特币储备”正式纳入法律框架。
投票结果显示，所有28张赞成票均来自共和党议员，而21张反对票则全部来自民主党议员。作为委员会排名最高成员的民主党议员麦克斯·沃特斯（Maxine Waters，加州）提出的修正案也以同样的21比28票数被否决。
核心条款与监管要求
根据该法案，美国财政部需在180天内建立“战略比特币储备”以及独立的“数字资产库存”。同时，法案要求所有联邦机构在60天内申报其持有的数字资产情况。
委员会主席、共和党议员弗兰奇·希尔（French Hill，阿肯色州）称这是一项“符合常识的措施”，旨在将各联邦机构持有的数字资产置于财政部的保管和一致监督之下。一旦存入储备库，这些比特币在20年内不得“出售、交换、拍卖、抵押或以其他方式处置用于任何目的”。
版本修订：从激进到务实
The text passed this time is more streamlined than the version originally proposed in May by Republican Congressman Nick Begich (R-Alaska). Previously, the committee had adopted an alternative proposal proposed by Republican Rep. Bryan Steil (R-Wis.) by voice vote.
Funding methods have been significantly reduced:
- The original proposal looked at using "discretionary surplus remittances from the Federal Reserve Bank" or "reassessment of gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve Bank" to obtain funds to purchase Bitcoin, combined with tariff revenue and donations.
- Steele's version removes all these radical financing ideas, retaining only access to bitcoin through asset swaps, asset forfeiture, and cooperation with states on projects. [TAG 25] The bill's long title, which originally promised to "use certain resources of the federal system to offset costs," has been rewritten and the relevant language has been removed.
Reduced reporting frequency and shortened holding period:
- The reserve certification report has been changed from quarterly to annual, and the clear requirement to publicly publish the report on the website of the Ministry of Finance has been eliminated.
- For assets acquired by forks and airdrops, the holding period requirement has been shortened from five years to one year.
- The proceeds from the sale of inventory assets, originally planned to be used to purchase more Bitcoin or repay debt, are now used preferentially to cover management costs.
Definition expanded:
“合格比特币”的定义不再局限于没收所得的硬币，而是涵盖了联邦政府拥有的所有比特币。
禁止采购与利益冲突限制
尽管建立了储备机制，但法案仍授权财政部和商务部在180天内进行研究，评估在不增加纳税人负担的情况下是否可购买更多比特币。该部分明确规定，不允许进行“任何借贷或其他融资，包括质押、抵押或使用美国任何数字资产或其他资产作为抵押品”。此外，财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）已单独排除了机构购买的可能性。
沃特斯提出的修正案旨在防止利益冲突，禁止总统、副总统、国会议员及其配偶、子女和女婿/儿媳持有任何数字资产的控股权，担任发行方的高级管理人员或所有者，或因销售、营销或挖矿行为收取“直接或间接补偿，包括费用”。
后续进程
唐纳德·特朗普已于2025年3月通过行政命令创建了该储备。目前，该法案仍需经过众议院全体审议，参议院也尚未通过相应的配套法案。
