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Analysts: The Federal Reserve\'s support for the stock market may also be good for cryptocurrency

2026-07-09 12:03:20
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美联储流动性注入:加密市场的潜在助推器?

加密货币能否最终从美联储新一轮的流动性注入中获益,或许并不取决于对数字资产的直接政策支持,而更多取决于美国市场若持续下跌时决策层的应对之策。分析人士指出,如果美联储认为必须“打破数十年来的先例”来捍卫股市,由此带来的流动性预期转变,可能改善包括比特币及其他主流加密货币在内的风险资产环境。

当前美国股市近年大幅攀升。数据显示,过去五年股市涨幅达68%,今年迄今市值新增约6万亿美元。但批评者警告,快速扩张之后可能伴随剧烈回调。在此背景下,一项备受关注的提议是美联储通过购买交易所交易基金来支撑股市,这将显著突破其传统政策工具箱的范畴。



核心要点

分析师认为,若股市大幅下跌,美联储可能的应对措施包括通过购买ETF等机制提供支持——这将是与过往实践的重大分野。即便没有央行的直接介入,加密货币价格仍被认为深受美元流动性、实际利率及整体风险情绪的影响。那些为风险资产设定“底线”的政策行动,可能会压缩投资者对比特币等高波动资产的风险溢价要求。过去危机时期央行对债券市场的干预(包括疫情时期的ETF购买)已有先例,显示流动性支撑如何改变市场行为。然而,多位分析师也指出,高通胀可能限制美联储“印钞”的激进程度,使其不得不考虑其他工具。



若股市获支撑,流动性或将外溢

美国股市常被视为深度嵌入经济肌理——通过家庭资产组合、养老金体系及企业融资。研究人士指出,美国股市“深深植根于美国家庭资产负债表、养老金体系、企业融资能力以及财政收入的结构性动态”。这种结构性影响意味着,长期熊市将带来重大的政治与经济后果。数据显示58%的美国人持有股票,避免市场长期疲软的压力可能“非常巨大”。美联储可能会决定“打破数十年来的先例”来购买股票ETF以支撑股市,其核心理念是选择一种机制——当传统渠道失灵时以稳定流动性——此举或能提升各类资产的风险偏好。



从疫情时期的ETF购买到潜在的股市支撑

文章援引美联储危机时期的先例:2020年疫情期间,为恢复冻结的信贷市场流动性,美联储曾购买公司债ETF。这些措施涉及购入价值87亿美元的ETF,在信贷市场承压时帮助限制了经济损害。分析人士认为,美联储更可能在未来的低迷中复制“最后ETF买家”的姿态。这种转变未必针对加密货币——而是针对股票和信贷,数字资产将作为流动性及风险状况变化的间接效应而受益。值得注意的是,中国日本的央行已通过授权中介机构使用公共资源间接购买股票ETF。尽管这并非美国的政策,但操作层面可行,若稳定股市变得足够紧迫,美国终可能效仿。



为何加密货币被描述为美元流动性交易

即使美联储从未将加密货币作为目标,宏观因素依然主导着加密资产定价。一场长期、严重的熊市“将远不止侵蚀投资者财富”,还可能冲击消费支出、危及养老金稳定、减缓企业信贷扩张并影响税收收入。在此背景下,加密货币虽不直接受政策保护,但其市场行为仍与更广泛的金融变量紧密相连——其宏观定价根本上与美元流动性、实际利率及股市风险情绪相关。从历史上看,一旦美联储采取措施支持风险资产——通过降息、扩表甚至有针对性的ETF购买——加密货币往往会进入中长期上行趋势。这被比作2021年的情况:风险偏好回归,资本轮动至高贝塔资产。

这更多体现为投资者预期的转变,而非对加密货币的“政策承诺”。当市场参与者相信风险资产存在有效的政策底线时,对高波动资产要求的风险溢价就会压缩——这为比特币及更广泛的加密资产创造了更有利的环境。



美联储行动的局限性与现有工具

Not all analysts believe that the Fed\'s options are unlimited. There is a view that while the downturn may prompt action, it is hard to imagine the Fed \"printing more money\" given that inflation remains high. Even if large-scale money printing is constrained by political or economic factors, central banks can still use other tools to respond. This means for traders and investors: The market impact of any Fed response may depend on its specific form. The shift to providing liquidity to stabilize interest rates and improve risk sentiment may help cryptocurrencies, but the direction and magnitude of the gains may depend on the specific policy mechanism and how quickly markets interpret them as credible commitments.

Structural support from macro conditions may strengthen the role of cryptocurrencies as a growth and diversified asset in the context of global liquidity expansion. At the same time, high inflation may delay or reshape the policy path. The market should not only pay attention to whether the stock market is supported, but also pay attention to how and which tools are used to achieve support. For now, the key is to see whether policymakers shift from loose expectations to specific actions to stabilize stocks-especially those involving ETF-related mechanisms-and how long these signals can translate into improved dollar liquidity and a downward trend in overall market risk premiums.

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