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FollowingEspresso Foundation confirms major network changes
The network's development team confirmed a major update this week. On September 9, 2026, about 100 verification nodes collaborated to deploy the "Espresso Mainnet Upgrade", shortening the final confirmation time of transactions to less than one second.
On September 14, 2026, the Espresso Foundation detailed the upgrade in an official announcement, saying it was a comprehensive redesign of the consensus mechanism, network architecture, block construction and data availability modules.
Major changes released this time
The Foundation stated that to achieve final confirmation below the second level, multiple core parts of the system must be rewritten rather than just adjusting existing parameters. In addition, the "Espresso Main Network Upgrade" also lowers the threshold for operating verification nodes and enhances the resilience of the overall system.
This reconstruction mainly involves the following four core areas:
- Final confirmation path optimization: reduces the number of network hops required to complete the final confirmation of a block from 7 or more to 3, and removes chain dependencies. This means that in subsequent rounds, even if a stalled or failed leader node occurs, the confirmation of blocks that have been voted for will not be delayed.
- Verifier network communications: replaces the early relay and gossip (Gossip) model with a new encrypted fully connected mesh network "CliqueNet." Now, each consensus message can reach its target destination in just one hop, greatly improving transmission efficiency.
- 区块构建机制： 将区块构建过程移至领导者节点内部进行，直接从该领导者自身的交易池中获取数据，不再通过HTTP协议查询外部构建服务。
- 数据编码方案： 采用了基于异或（XOR）操作的新型纠删码方法，切换至更快的Reed-Solomon库，并将之前的哈希算法替换为BLAKE3用于份额承诺。
更少的跳数，更快的出块速度
组件 升级前 升级后 最终确认所需跳数 7次或更多 3次 网络模型 中继加流言传播 CliqueNet网格 区块构建位置 外部服务 领导者节点内部 承诺哈希算法 Keccak BLAKE3 基金会指出，上述综合改进使每个已确认区块所需的区块构建、数据可用性及投票工作量减少了约三分之二。此外，作为此次升级的一部分，节点发现机制也移至链上执行：验证者直接向质押表合约注册其地址和加密密钥，而不再依赖独立的发现基础设施。
时机与设计选择的重要性
该链定位为其他区块链和应用的基础结算层，旨在提供机构级的吞吐量，同时保留对自身体系的自主权。快速最终确认是这一愿景的核心，因为构建在其之上的应用依赖于快速且可靠的交易确认。
基金会强调，降低节点运营商的硬件和带宽要求是“Espresso主网升级”的刻意设计，而非副作用。旧共识数据、投票记录和部分区块的垃圾回收现在能够及时运行，即使在重负载下也能保持内存使用量可控。这种“快速最终确认”与“轻量化运营 footprint”的结合并不常见，因为在重大重构期间，网络往往需要在两者之间做出取舍。
专家观点
审查Rollup和模块化区块链设计的工程师通常认为，亚秒级最终确认是一个重要的里程碑，因为它开始匹配用户对中心化应用程序的预期响应速度。从关键路径中移除顺序步骤，而不是简单地增加验证者硬件，通常被视为更持久的提速方式，因为它不依赖于验证者不断购买昂贵设备来保持同步。
其他基础层是否会跟进类似的共识和网络重构，可能取决于“Espresso主网升级”在持续高负载下的实际表现，而不仅仅是基准测试的结果。
结论
基金会表示，此次发布的代码已公开，可在其GitHub仓库中查阅，包括用于部署的具体发布分支。目前尚未公布来自真实环境的详细基准测试数据，团队表示这些数据预计很快会发布。验证者目前仍通过质押其原生代币来保障网络安全，此次升级并未改变这一要求。
免责声明：本文仅供教育目的，不构成任何金融或投资建议。读者在依赖本文内容进行开发或投资决策之前，应核实技术声明以官方来源为准。
