南非加密货币公司因外汇管制暂停22亿兰特交易

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南非加密货币公司因外汇管制暂停22亿兰特交易

2026-09-21 20:22:27

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南非加密公司因拟议外汇管制规则暂停至少22亿兰特交易

据知情人士透露，由于拟议的外汇管制规则可能限制数字资产用于跨境交易的方式，南非的加密货币公司已将至少22亿兰特的交易搁置。这一变化将使加密货币资产纳入该国的资本流动管理体系，并加强对跨境转账的监管。行业参与者警告称，这些规则可能会迫使合法的加密活动转移到海外或进入非正规渠道，甚至可能引发法律挑战。

具体交易受阻情况

知情人士指出，至少有3笔交易直接因拟议的监管变更而暂停。其中包括一家私募股权公司的投资，以及旨在支持中小企业资本形成和公司国库管理的交易。一些高管正在考虑，如果规则在未进行重大修改的情况下通过，他们将采取法律行动。

作为非洲第二大加密资产市场，南非企业在区域业务间调动资金时越来越多地使用稳定币。在这些企业中，Tether（USDT）已成为此类活动的首选稳定币。根据南非储备银行的数据，截至今年4月的一年中，该国三家最大持牌加密交易所链上USDT交易量接近270亿兰特。这一数字显示了受监管国内平台上已经存在的稳定币活动规模。

监管框架的核心内容

南非不承认加密货币为法定货币。南非储备银行此前已将数字资产确定为新兴的金融稳定风险，并随着稳定币在国际上的使用扩大而持续监测相关活动。目前，监管机构正试图将加密资产纳入以《货币与外汇法》为核心的资本流动体系，该立法的历史可追溯至约90年前。

国家财政部于今年4月首次发布了拟议框架，作为该国资本流动管理制度的全面改革的一部分。草案正式将加密资产归类为南非外汇规则下的“资本”，并将申报、批准和执法权力延伸至数字资产交易。官员表示，该框架旨在加强跨境交易监管，减少监管套利机会，并解决非法资金流动问题。

跨境转移面临更严格管控

8月发布的详细规则规定了数字资产转移在拟议系统下的运作方式。根据跨境加密规则，转移通常需要通过授权提供商进行，并向南非储备银行报告。涉及离岸加密提供商或私人钱包的交易将被纳入受监管的跨境类别。

个人将加密货币移出南非仍须遵守该国现有的外汇额度规定。年度单一自由支配额度允许在不取得税务清关证明的情况下转移高达100万兰特，而外国资本额度则允许在符合税务合规要求的情况下转移高达1000万兰特。

Authorized crypto asset service providers will be required to collect information about cross-border transfers, including the identities of the sender and recipient, the assets involved, transaction value and target wallet details. The Ministry of Finance and the Reserve Bank of South Africa said in a joint statement that the detailed manual released last month had not yet incorporated feedback submitted during early consultations. Officials attributed the gap to the timing of the release and the large number of comments received after the government invited stakeholders to respond to the April proposal.

Industry Concerns and Tax Implications

Some digital asset executives have expressed opposition to the process, arguing that the current draft fails to fully consider industry submissions. People familiar with the matter said executives believe that parts of the framework are not conducive to the development of using technology to reduce transaction costs. If the regulation is advanced in its current form, businesses believe it could affect the billions of rand in tax revenue generated by the department and could lead to legal challenges.

stablecoins remain regulatory focus

stablecoin activity has become an area of special concern as regulators assess how dollar-linked tokens interact with domestic currencies and capital controls. An International Monetary Fund (IMF) assessment released in August showed that U.S. dollar stablecoins have limited influence in South Africa, and there is less demand for rant-denominated alternatives. The IMF warned that it was too early to tell whether this pattern would continue. Although the U.S. dollar stablecoin dominates the world, South Africa's situation is unique.

南非对数字资产的监管不仅限于资本控制。南非税务局（SARS）于今年7月发布了草案指南，解释现有税法如何适用于加密交易，而非提出单独的税收制度。根据草案指南，SARS坚持认为加密资产不是用于税务目的的货币。根据活动的性质，购买、出售、交换、消费、挖矿、质押或接收数字资产可能会根据现有的所得税和资本利得税规则产生税务后果。

此外，南非已开始实施经合组织（OECD）的加密资产报告框架（CARF）。其首个CARF报告期为2026年3月1日至2027年2月28日，加密服务提供商需收集信息，以支持参与管辖区之间的自动税务数据交换。在国家财政部和南非储备银行进一步审议之前，政府尚未最终确定拟议的资本流动规则。

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