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Following稳定币支付公司 Rain 申请 OCC 国民信托银行牌照，加入加密企业联邦监管行列
稳定币支付公司 Rain 已向美国货币监理署（OCC）提交申请，拟建立一家全国性信托银行。此举标志着越来越多的加密货币企业试图将资产托管和稳定币运营纳入联邦监管体系。这一动向反映了稳定币行业的一项更广泛趋势：企业希望直接掌控美元挂钩代币背后的托管与储备基础设施，而非依赖合作银行。
根据计划成立的纽约子公司“Rain National Trust Bank”，该机构将为数字资产和美元提供受托保管服务，管理获准稳定币发行商的储备金，并为机构客户发行及赎回美元挂钩的稳定币。
此申请于10月5日由公司公告披露，并于10月7日被 CoinDesk 报道。这使得 Rain 成为第十二家寻求 OCC 信托牌照的加密企业。目前，该申请仍需经过 OCC 审批及公众意见征询期，因此只有在监管机构正式批准后，该银行方可开始运营。
新牌照赋予 Rain 的业务权限
As an uninsured national trust bank, Rain National Trust Bank is not allowed to take deposits, issue commercial loans, provide retail accounts, or assume Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance. Its business scope is more focused: it will serve as the trustee of client assets, which Rain said will be strictly segregated from the bank's own assets; and it will be responsible for reserve management and the issuance and redemption of stablecoins. Currently, Rain's partner projects need to handle these businesses through third-party custodians and issuers under different licenses in each state.
Rain itself will continue to serve as a stablecoin payment platform and operate as a major member bank of Visa and Mastercard. Trust Bank will be an independently capitalized subsidiary and subject to OCC supervision and inspection. The company said this architecture will unify custody, reserve and issuance functions under a single federal regulatory framework, replacing the current decentralized and complex regulatory landscape. Rain hired Paul Hastings Law Firm to assist in completing the application.
Why crypto companies compete for trust bank licenses
This application continues the craze for limited purpose national trust licenses that has emerged since the end of last year. Five crypto companies, Circle, Ripple, BitGo and Fidelity, received preliminary approval from the OCC in December last year, with Circle receiving final approval to establish a Federal Trust Bank in New York in late July.
对于稳定币企业而言，拥有此类牌照意味着减少对外部第三方的依赖——无需再借助第三方持有客户资产、管理储备或处理发行与赎回流程，同时还能获得联邦监管审查带来的信誉背书。各家企业的目标一致：将稳定币核心业务更多地保留在内部，以单一联邦牌照替代繁杂的各州货币传输商牌照网络。
潜在诉讼可能延缓这一进程
然而，这一路径正面临直接的法律挑战。上周，美国独立社区银行家协会（Independent Community Bankers of America）对 OCC 提起诉讼，辩称该机构无权向不提供传统银行业务的加密企业授予国民信托牌照。该行业协会认为，这种结构赋予了加密公司银行特权，却未承担贷款机构所面临的同等义务。
这一争议使得 Rain 获取牌照的时间表充满不确定性。尽管申请源源不断，但若出现不利判决，可能会暂停所有待处理的加密信托申请，而不仅仅是 Rain 的申请。预计该申请的公开部分将在未来几天内出现在 OCC 网站上，从而开启公众意见征询期，届时将反映出外界对此申请的反对力度。
