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Can cryptocurrency users trust the supply chain behind hardware wallets?

2026-10-14 21:22:11
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普通用户难以察觉硬件钱包的精密篡改

安全研究员乔·格兰德(Joe Grand)周二向Cointelegraph表示,人们不应指望普通加密货币持有者能够发现针对硬件钱包的复杂篡改行为。格兰德专攻硬件安全领域,曾协助从锁定的钱包中恢复加密货币。他的工作包括开发绕过安全保护并从Trezor和KeepKey等品牌钱包使用的内存芯片中提取数据的技术。

“很难向人们解释他们应该如何检查自己的设备,因为即使是像我这样的技术人员,也不会仔细检查每一台设备以查看其是否被篡改过。”格兰德说道。

这些担忧出现在上周五,当时有报道称涉及通过CryptoBilis销售的Ledger设备发生了加密资产损失事件。CryptoBilis被列为在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾获得授权的经销商。Ledger于周六确认,其中一台受影响设备包含未经授权的植入物。

这家法国硬件钱包制造商表示,CryptoBilis销售的Ledger钱包中的恶意植入物会捕获用户的助记词,并通过蜂窝网络将其传输出去。

更多控制权并不等同于更少信任

硬件钱包的设计初衷是将私钥保持离线状态,从而降低遭受针对软件钱包的网络攻击的风险。部分硬件钱包已在全球范围内获得普及,其分销网络也为供应链篡改提供了机会。

加密货币分析师马蒂·格林斯潘(Mati Greenspan)告诉Cointelegraph,尽管他自2013年起就涉足该行业,但他从未使用过硬件钱包,因为他认为增加另一层信任链条的价值有限。

“当你购买硬件钱包时,你引入了一个全新的信任链条,从制造商到供应商,再到在你收到设备之前经手过的任何人。”格林斯潘说。

比特币安全公司Casa的首席执行官尼克·纽曼(Nick Neuman)表示,完全避免对第三方的信任是不可能的。“总是会有你需要信任的中间人。”他说,并补充道,用户应将风险分散到多个提供商,而不是仅仅依赖其中一家。

安全检查无法涵盖所有风险

Trezor是Ledger的主要竞争对手之一,其表示设备经过真实性检查,且仅接受签名的固件,但也承认这些保护措施无法排除物理篡改的可能性。

Trezor的一位发言人告诉Cointelegraph:“你还可以检查包装和全息密封是否完好,并寻找设备上是否有异常标记,但仅靠这些检查不能保证设备未被修改。”

该公司指出,在Ledger设备中发现的植入物构成了不同的挑战,因为它们无需修改固件即可从屏幕捕获信息。Trezor表示,在其自家设备上尚未观察到此类攻击。周二,Trezor宣布将减少经销商数量,作为一项“预防性”措施。

Hardware wallets are designed to reduce the risk of tampering.

Grand suggested several improvements in physical design, ranging from transparent shells that expose internal components to tamper-proof enclosures. This forces attackers to recreate the shell themselves, making it difficult to conceal any traces of modifications.

“It will be much more difficult for attackers to inject additional hardware into devices, as they would need to recreate the entire shell,” he said.

The security researcher also pointed out the tamper-proof designs proposed by electronic engineer Dave Jones. However, he warned that these measures should not be relied upon alone. While they can make supply chain attacks more difficult, they cannot eliminate the risk entirely.

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