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以太坊创始人维塔利克·布特林称:AI不会危及加密货币安全

2026-09-18 04:26:40
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以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin:AI不会终结网络安全,反而能强化加密软件

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin表示,人工智能(AI)并不意味着网络安全的终结。相反,他认为先进的AI模型有助于使加密货币软件更难被攻破。

在周三发布于X平台的一篇文章中,Buterin指出,AI不会给黑客带来不可逾越的优势。他强调,包括他本人在内的加密货币持有者正押注于安全防御能力能够与威胁保持同步。Buterin的净资产中约有90%配置在加密货币资产上。

“一种日益普遍的观点认为,AI驱动的黑客攻击意味着网络安全已无药可救,”Buterin写道,“我不同意这一观点。我认为,一旦人们理清思路并协同合作,网络安全本质上将是防御方占优的。”

AI助力形式化验证成为现实

Buterin认为,AI可以使形式化验证——即利用数学证明来确立软件安全性——变得切实可行,即使面对复杂的系统也不例外。

“如果AI能够证明纳维-斯托克斯方程(Navier-Stokes)和费马大定理(FLT),那么它也能将‘该程序是安全的’作为一个数学定理进行证明,”他写道,“即便该程序非常复杂。”

换句话说,Buterin相信,那些足以解决著名难题的先进AI,同样能够证明即使是复杂的软件也能满足明确界定的安全要求。但他同时指出,这并不意味着安全工作轻而易举。真正的难点在于首先如何定义什么是“安全”。

区块链开发者积极部署防御性AI

目前,区块链开发者越来越多地使用AI代理来扫描代码、测试漏洞并利用率,并在攻击者行动之前验证错误。研究人员已在以太坊基础设施和比特币软件中发现多处漏洞。

在几起引发人们担忧AI赋予攻击者优势的事件后,整个加密领域的开发者开始部署防御性AI措施。

今年5月,安全研究员Taylor Hornby使用Anthropic的Claude Opus 4.8发现了Zcash Orchard隐私池中一个存在四年的缺陷。该缺陷原本可能导致无限且无法检测的ZEC伪造行为,尽管开发人员在6月修补漏洞前未发现任何被利用的证据。

攻防竞赛在今年7月加速。当时,以太坊基金会的研究人员表示,AI代理发现了关键网络基础设施中的漏洞。同月,攻击者利用Coldcard钱包固件中长期存在的缺陷(削弱了种子生成过程)发起攻击,最终窃取了约1.3亿美元的比特币。Coldcard制造商Coinkite表示,AI可能帮助识别了这一Bug。

By August, the threat had spread to the entire Bitcoin software ecosystem. Boltz suspended its redemption service, saying suspicious attackers discovered vulnerabilities faster than developers could fix them;Core Lightning also confirmed that several vulnerabilities identified in the AI-generated report were true. In response, a Bitcoin Red Team of volunteers used AI-assisted audits to flag 4,962 potential vulnerabilities in 390 projects.

Towards the future of comprehensive program verification

Buterin said that AI can now verify entire programs, not just specific components, which is the direction Ethereum plans to move forward in the next few years.

"If we don't do this, blockchain-especially blockchain with scalability and privacy capabilities-will have no future," he said."We need to make software truly secure. And we have made significant progress."

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