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BTC Coinbase敦促比特币开发者为量子计算威胁做好准备
Coinbase正呼吁比特币开发者尽早着手应对量子计算带来的潜在威胁，并为此提出了一份详细的技术建议清单。该公司认为，网络应如何加强自身防护，这项工作不能等到“威胁确已降临”的确定性出现后再开始。
周二发布的一篇博客文章中，这家托管着约5%现存比特币的交易所将转向抗量子密码学描述为一项复杂且需历时多年的工程，强调必须立即启动。
“比特币共识机制的改变及生态系统的迁移可能需要数年时间，”该公司在文中写道，并警告称，若等待能够破解比特币签名的“密码学相关量子计算机”正式问世后再采取行动，届时将留给行业反应的时间微乎其微。
这一担忧的核心在于比特币钱包的安全机制。理论上，一台足够强大的量子计算机可以从暴露的公钥中推导出私钥，从而盗取资金。业界将这一假设性的里程碑事件称为“Q日”（Q-Day）。
Coinbase强调，解决方案远不止选择一种新的签名方案那么简单：任何过渡都必须同时保护现有和新生成的代币；适应比特币有限的区块空间；确保普通钱包与机构托管服务均能正常运行；并为那些长期不动的代币提供迁移路径。
This article seems more like a list of requirements from one of the most important stakeholders in the online community, rather than any mandatory directives. Coinbase supports a flexible “container” design, such as the BIP-360 proposal. This design allows for the gradual replacement of traditional signature systems with new quantum-resistant signature systems, without requiring any major restructuring over time.
Additionally, the company has proposed a phased approach to multi-signature schemes. During the transition period, the same amount of funds can be used using both traditional keys and quantum-safe keys. The company emphasizes that whatever solution Bitcoin chooses in the future should be compatible with Multiset Computation (MPC) technology – a key technology used by hosting providers like Coinbase to prevent theft.
A more challenging issue is how to handle dormant, lost, or exposed coins, including those from the early days of Satoshi. Coinbase states that these assets should be treated as a separate governance issue. It warns that any rescue mechanism must be quantum-safe, so as to prevent attackers from exploiting known public keys.
This decision is based on Coinbase’s ongoing warnings about quantum risks. In January this year, the exchange convened a quantum advisory committee to assess risks and develop guidelines like these. In July, Coinbase joined forces with BlackRock and Strategy to form the Bitcoin Security Alliance, pledging to invest $15 million in enhancing Bitcoin’s quantum defense capabilities.
