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BTC 比特币核心贡献者安托万·普瓦松回应AI与量子计算安全担忧
比特币核心贡献者、Chaincode Labs 的首席研究员安托万·普瓦松（Antoine Poinsot）就近期围绕人工智能和量子计算对比特币地址安全构成风险的担忧发表了看法。他的发言是在研究员贾斯汀·德雷克（Justin Drake）发布的一篇引发广泛讨论的帖子之后，该帖子质疑最近的技术进步是否已经削弱了比特币底层密码学的安全性。
AI、量子威胁与证据标准
普瓦松在回应这些担忧时强调，在声称比特币密码学安全受到威胁之前，需要严格的证据支持。他指出，虽然来自后量子或人工智能攻击的理论风险长期以来一直是讨论的话题，但目前尚无证据证明这些技术能够突破比特币的网络防御。他还强调了区分经过深入研究的安全威胁与可能引发用户和开发者不必要恐慌的推测性场景的重要性。安全研究人员认为，关于比特币抵御新兴攻击向量（如 AI 或量子计算）弹性的辩论，应以证据而非推测为指导。
德雷克的帖子在社区中引发了激烈辩论，并加剧了对潜在漏洞清晰度的呼吁。然而，普瓦松警告称，反应过度的措施可能会使团队分心，从而无法解决更紧迫的安全问题。
共识升级与软分叉
Poisson cited lessons from this summer's failed soft fork proposal, pointing to challenges in reaching consensus on upgrading the agreement. He explained that bundling multiple fixes into large consensus changes could hinder adoption rates and make coordination within the Bitcoin development community more complex. The recent BIP 54 aims to resolve long-standing errors in the Bitcoin codebase while simplifying the upgrade path. According to Poisson, gaining broad community support remains a major obstacle to such core improvements.
The discussion also expanded to other proposals, including BIP 360, BIP 361, and updates to P2TR v2, which provide different technical paths for enhancing wallet functionality and security:
Quantum Risk Background and Mitigation Strategies
For now, the long-term dangers posed by computers are still theoretical, but developers acknowledge the possibility of "quantum theft" or funding freezing. Poisson emphasized that preparation in advance is crucial because unexpected breakthroughs in quantum computing could undermine the security of Bitcoin wallets holding funds that expose public key addresses. He also clarified that hiding the public key behind the hash value does not eliminate all risks, refuting the claim that the method can fully protect users from future developments in cryptographic analysis. Conversely, methods using multi-signature wallets and technologies such as Liana help reduce single points of failure and make Bitcoin storage more resilient.
Noun explanation: Chaincode Labs is a research institution focusing on promoting the development of the Bitcoin protocol and is known for its support of open source cryptography and decentralized technologies.
The discussion also drew on lessons from past events, such as the security incident with Coldcard hardware wallets, which demonstrated the need for strong and diverse protection measures within the ecosystem. Upgrading cyber defense strategies to deal with disruptive technologies such as quantum computers can protect user funds and network integrity without falling into a fear-driven response.
