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Congress is stalled, and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) proposes federal crypt

2026-10-07 08:17:21
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美国商品期货交易委员会填补监管真空,提议建立联邦加密货币市场框架

美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)通过提议建立其自身的联邦加密货币市场框架,试图填补当前的监管空白。这一举措直接回应了国会未能通过市场结构立法的失败,而该立法本应为行业制定明确的规则与指引。

为何在国会停滞不前时由监管机构介入

当国会陷入僵局时,监管机构便采取行动。CFTC 的提案恰逢其时,数字资产行业多年来一直在等待一个全面的立法框架,却目睹了一项又一项法案在抵达总统办公桌之前夭折。

此举表明,该机构不再愿意在模糊的授权范围内运作。通过提出正式的规则手册,CFTC asserting(主张)其拥有定义联邦加密货币监管样貌的权力与意愿,至少在其管辖范围内的市场是如此。这并非 CFTC 在国会辩论期间首次采取推进行动。此前,在《清晰度法案》未能推进后,该机构曾概述过基于 CTX 和 CAM 框架的拟议加密规则,并提出了关于美国现货加密货币交易的 conceptual framework(概念框架),其中预览了许多如今在这一最新提案中重新浮现的理念。

机构规则制定与国会立法之间的差距

机构通过规则所能做的事情与国会仅能通过 statute(成文法)完成的事情之间存在显著差异。机构规则具有实际效力,但可能会在法院受到挑战,被未来的政府撤销,并且最终受限于机构现有的法定权限。相比之下,国会立法可以完全重新划定这些权限界限。它可以分配 CFTC 与证券交易委员会(SEC)之间的管辖权,创建新的注册类别,并确立法院必须适用的责任标准。这正是市场结构法案原本旨在提供的明确性。

由于国会未采取行动,CFTC 的提案不可避免地会面临关于其实际权限范围有多大的质疑。包括那些已经与该机构就相关事宜进行互动的行业参与者——例如 Coinbase 向 SEC 和 CFTC 提出的股权永续合约框架提案——都将密切关注该机构如何划定自己的管辖权界线。

加密货币市场将关注的关键问题

开放性问题至关重要。提案的范围、涵盖哪些资产类别、捕获哪些市场参与者,以及它与 SEC 对证券的管辖权如何互动,仍需随着提案进入公众评论程序而从全文中进行解析。

时机是另一个变量。规则制定是一个缓慢的过程:发布公告、评论期、机构审查、最终规则,然后是潜在的法律挑战。即使 CFTC 按其自身标准快速行动,该提案旨在弥补的市场结构缺口仍可能多年存在。

[TAG 22] On the political level, the proposal comes as the broader debate on cryptocurrency policy continues in Washington. Lawmakers pushing the market structure bill, and industry advocates who lobbied alongside them, must now decide whether to accept the CFTC initiative as a viable alternative or redouble efforts to pass legislation that can replace it.

The agency has signaled that this is only the first step towards new regulation, not the final destination. Whether this step will lead to lasting results or be replaced by a court challenge or a belated congressional agreement is a question that the cryptocurrency industry must now weigh.

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