2026年9月22日Helicon升级:Avalanche质押规则重大变更
2026年9月22日(星期二)UTC时间下午3:00,Avalanche将激活其Helicon网络升级。对于AVAX持有者而言,最核心的变化在于:从那一刻起,任何进行代币委托(delegation)的人都必须更加审慎地选择将其代币委托给哪个验证者。
此次升级中,质押的最小锁定时间将从两周缩短至48小时;同时,验证者获得奖励的最低正常运行时间要求也从80%提升至90%。这两项变动共同将部分风险转移给了作为委托人的你。
在2026年9月17日UTC时间06:57,我们直接从P-Chain查询了验证者列表,并统计了在现有条件下有多少活跃操作者无法达到新的门槛。详细结果及方法见下文。首要数据如下:593名验证者中有37名未达标。
Helicon升级详解:Avalanche质押的变化
Helicon是一次硬分叉,即网络中的所有节点必须在同一时刻采纳的规则变更。该升级已于2026年7月28日在Fuji测试网上运行。主网的文档指定时间为2026年9月22日UTC时间下午3:00,即中欧夏令时下午5:00。
从技术角度看,Helicon整合了六个所谓的“Avalanche社区提案”(ACP)。ACP是用于更改协议的编号提案,类似于以太坊上的EIP。其中四个直接涉及质押,两个涉及交易执行:
- ACP-273:降低了验证的最小持续时间。
- ACP-267:提高了所需的正常运行时间。
- ACP-236:引入了验证的自动续期机制。
- ACP-285:降低了最小消耗率,从而减少了短期锁定的奖励。
- ACP-194:将区块的接受与其执行解耦。
- ACP-283:使C链上的最低Gas价格取决于需求。
对于绝大多数将AVAX存放在交易所且不再进行其他操作的持有者来说,9月22日当天不会发生可见的变化。当你自行委托或建立新的委托关系时,此次升级的影响才会变得相关。
从336小时降至48小时:验证者的最小锁定时间缩短
在此之前,主网上的验证者至少需要承诺336小时(即整整两周)的锁定期。Helicon升级后,仅需48小时即可满足要求。上限仍保持为一年。
什么是验证周期?
验证周期是指操作者将其质押锁定到协议中的时间段。与以太坊不同,Avalanche没有退出队列和按需提款功能:位置开启时开始和结束时间即已固定,质押资金将被绑定直至到期,奖励仅在之后发放。我们在我们的质押锁定周期概览中测量了五个链之间此类周期的差异。
The minimum pledge amount remains unchanged. Self-verification requires 2,000 AVAX. Delegating verification (i.e. assigning pledge to other verifiers) requires 25 AVAX. The total weight of the verifier is still limited to the lesser of two values: 3 million AVAX or five times its own pledge.

While shorter lock-in times may sound convenient at first, it has a negative effect that directly affects the principal, which will be discussed in the next section.

After the Helicon upgrade, verification can be reopened in 48 hours, not just two weeks.
Uptime threshold rises from 80% to 90%: Who will be hit?
Uptime describes the proportion of verification cycles that a node can reach in the network. Previously, verifiers had to keep this threshold above 80% to receive rewards at the end of the period. For all cycles starting on or after September 22, the threshold will be set to 90%.
The old 80% threshold will be retained for ongoing cycles. Therefore, there is no deadline that would cause existing entrusted batches to be voided. The change will only take effect on the next commitment, which is why it can easily be ignored.
For you as the principal, this is the most important point in the entire upgrade. You don't run nodes, but you bear the consequences: If the validator you delegated fails to meet the threshold, the reward for that cycle will expire. The pledged principal itself is not affected and is returned at the end of the cycle. What is lost is gain.
Our P-Chain measurements: 37 of 593 validators were below 90%
新门槛是理论问题还是实际问题,可以通过数据计数得出。2026年9月17日UTC时间06:57,我们在公共节点api.avax.network/ext/bc/P上调用方法platform.getCurrentValidators并评估完整响应。此分析由cryptoticker.io于2026年9月17日自行完成。
响应涵盖了主网593名活跃验证者。其中,37名的正常运行时间低于90%,占总数的6.2%。其中有24名甚至低于80%,因此已经错过了当前的门槛。剩下的13名操作者处于80%至90%之间的新风险区间。这些人在今天仍能获得奖励,但如果可用性不变,9月22日后将不再获得奖励。
其余验证者表现稳健。中位数位于99.92%,第十百分位仍为95.96%。测得的最低值为0.01%。在查询时,有24个节点完全未连接。
质押分布情况
这593名验证者共持有1.6616亿枚AVAX的自有质押。此外还有来自32,405个单独委托的3870万枚AVAX。其集中度引人注目:593名验证者中仅有250名拥有至少一个委托人。剩余的343名运行着没有外部资金的验证器。
关于周期长度,测量结果证实了旧规则。发现的最短验证周期正好为14天,最长为365天,中位数为90天。有74个周期在升级前结束,另有236个在升级后的三十天内结束。对于这些310名操作者来说,关于新规则的决策迫在眉睫。
此测量未显示的内容
正常运行时间数值来自被查询节点的视角。协议从许多节点的视角评估可用性,因此单个端点的值可能会产生偏差。同样无法检查的是哪些操作者打算及时迁移到新软件版本,以及各个交易所如何处理该日期。任何人都可以自己发出相同的调用来复现数据;该端点是公开的,不需要密钥。
委托必须适应单个验证周期:新的陷阱
以前,委托是一项相当轻松的业务,因为你将代币分配的验证者无论如何都会运行至少两周。Helicon升级后,其周期可能在48小时后结束。然而,你的委托必须完全位于单个验证周期内,因为超出该周期结束时没有任何保证。
在实践中这意味着:在你委托之前,请检查所选验证者当前周期的结束时间。如果三天后就结束,你就不能进入为期三个月的委托。跳过这一步检查,最好情况下你会收到错误消息,最坏情况下你会得到比计划更短的锁定时间。
在Avalanche上,你是从自己的钱包进行委托的,在此过程中代币永远不会离开你的控制。哪些钱包支持此功能以及你在密钥管理中应注意什么,详见我们的软件钱包比较。
检查委托费用:147名验证者收取全额奖励
委托费用是验证者为其工作保留的你的奖励份额。协议规定最低为2%,上限开放。我们在9月17日的统计显示市场非常不均匀:593名验证者中有252名处于2%的最低水平,105名为20%,49名为5%,各有9名为3%和10%。
值得注意的是,有147名验证者的委托费用为100%。与他们合作,你的委托奖励将所剩无几。通常这不是陷阱,而是操作者表明其不希望外部委托的惯例方式。钱包中的显示错误或一次不经意的点击就足以让你陷入其中。该费用在验证者列表中公开列出,是你每次委托前阅读的第一个值。
从9月22日起,关键在于在超过90%的验证周期内保持可达性
验证者自动续期,委托人无延期
自动续期意味着验证自动进入下一个周期而不是结束。ACP-236引入了此程序,解决了如果没有自动续期,操作者每两天就需要手动重新质押的问题。
操作者可以确定将过期周期奖励的多少份额带入下一个周期,并可以为未来周期更改此设置。如果一个周期未达到90%,该位置将过期而非滚动,该周期的奖励随之丢失。
对于委托,明确不适用此规则:委托从不自我延长。如果你想继续委托,需在到期后建立新委托,并再次适用上一节的规则。
Lower yields for short-term lock-in: How ACP-285 adjusts consumption rates
On Avalanche, consumption rates determine the share of theoretical possible rewards that are actually paid based on the length of time someone commits. The longer the stay, the more rewards you will receive. The previous low was 10%;Helicon dropped to 7.5% after the upgrade and rose linearly over the next 90 days.
In effect, this means that for the shortest possible lock-in time, annualized rewards are about 1.3 percentage points lower than today. The maximum value of the one-year commitment remains unchanged. Therefore, short-term lock-in is not prohibited, but is priced.
As side effects, developers expect annual AVAX inflation to fall by approximately 0.5% to 1%, and the weighted average lock-in duration to increase by approximately two months. These come from predictions rather than measurements on the protocol; whether they are achieved will only become apparent after the upgrade.
For your own calculations, this means: If you optimize benefits, long-term lock-in is still the better approach; if you optimize flexibility, starting September 22, it will cost more than it is today.
AvalancheGo v1.15.0: What node operators need to do before September 22
Anyone running their own node faces a difficult task and strict deadlines. Version AvalancheGo v1.15.0 must be installed before activation, otherwise nodes will follow old rules and break consensus. Nodes that go offline at the wrong time lose uptime, which becomes more expensive starting September 22.
任何在Avalanche上构建的人还应额外检查代码中的三件事。必须替换已移除的debug方法。对eth_accounts、eth_coinbase和eth_etherbase的调用已被删除。并且由于ACP-194,使用latest查询返回的状态可能会滞后于区块接受,具体取决于当前执行队列的长度。
C链动态最低Gas价格:发送交易时的变化
ACP-283使C链上的最低Gas价格取决于需求,而不是固定不变。C链是Avalanche的以太坊兼容链,大多数普通交易和应用都在其上运行。
在日常使用中,只要你的钱包能自行计算出费用,你几乎察觉不到任何变化。这对于具有硬编码固定Gas价格的应用程序和脚本变得相关。升级后,此类调用可能会产生卡住或被拒绝的交易。如果你的转账在9月22日挂起,费用设置是你首先查看的地方。
通过交易所质押:为何协议日期不自动适用于那里
很大一部分AVAX持仓并不在个人钱包中,而是在后台处理质押的服务提供商处。在这种情况下,你的合同先于协议适用。服务提供商决定其是否传递更短的最小持续时间、向你报价的截止日期以及保留多少奖励份额。
Experience shows that these shares are well above the 2% bottom line stipulated in the agreement. Before establishing new commitments, it is worth comparing the service provider's terms with the value of the agreement. Looking at the title on payment cycles in the terms can usually answer both questions at once.
German Pledged Income: 256 euros tax exemption
In Germany, pledged awards are considered other income under Article 22 (3) of the Income Tax Act. What matters is the market value at the time of receipt, that is, when the reward reaches you. A tax exemption of € 256 applies every year, which means that if this limit is exceeded, the entire amount is taxable, not just the excess.
There are two points that are often confused here. The holding period of your tokens to pledge will not be extended to ten years as a result of the pledge; this was confirmed by the Federal Ministry of Finance in its circular on March 6, 2025 on individual issues related to the income tax treatment of cryptocurrency assets. For the award itself, a one-year period under the new Article 23 of the Income Tax Act begins at the time of receipt.
Since the Helicon upgrade has a significantly higher commission settlement frequency than before, more separate receipt dates will be generated accordingly. If you used to check out four times a year, you can now quickly reach a multiple. While data is still available, record the date, quantity and price of each reward.
Helicon upgrade Avalanche pledge: summary of key points
Check which verifier you delegate to before September 22.
查看当前周期的正常运行时间并与新的90%阈值进行比较,并在确认前阅读委托费用。在我们的测量中,593名活跃验证者中有37名低于此阈值,147名收取全额奖励。如果你不想自行委托,我们的质押提供商比较将各平台的条款并列展示。
在建立新的承诺之前,确保你的密钥安全。
委托是从你自己的钱包进行的,在此期间你的质押仍处于你的控制之下。如何安全存储这些密钥,请参阅我们的硬件钱包比较。
记录每笔奖励的日期和价格。
较短的周期会产生更多的接收日期,每个日期都计入256欧元的免税额。投资组合跟踪器可以帮你处理此事;提供商和价格在我们的加密税务工具概览中列出。
升级的细节来自Avalanche质押文档和Helicon升级的技术概览,验证者数据来自我们2026年9月17日对P-Chain的自行查询。
(截至2026年9月17日。本文不构成投资建议。价格和费用结构会发生变化;在购买前请与提供商核实条款。)

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