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ETH 维塔利克·布特erin警告：AI辅助数学进展可能加速加密系统风险，呼吁勿仓促迁移钱包
以太坊联合创始人维塔利克·布特erin（Vitalik Buterin）发出警告，指出人工智能在辅助数学领域的快速进步，可能导致椭圆曲线数字签名算法（ECDSA）及其他结构化密码系统的安全性比预期更早受到威胁。同时，他提醒用户切勿急于进行钱包地址迁移。
他的论点超越了量子计算的范畴，提出了另一种可能性：人工智能或许能够发现人类过去几十年未曾察觉的数学捷径。这一观点引发了关于传统公钥密码学长期稳定性的新讨论。
反对仓促迁移钱包
在一篇回应以太坊研究员贾斯汀·德雷克（Justin Drake）号召行业进入“防御模式”的文章中，布特erin强调，由人工智能驱动的数学进展值得业界给予更多关注。此前，德雷克曾敦促大型持币者考虑将资金转移至新地址，这些地址的公钥隐藏在哈希值之后，因为理论上ECDSA可能在数月而非数年内被破解。
布特erin并未认同如此紧迫的时间表。他指出，用户不应“在今天匆忙地将资金转移到新钱包”，但他补充道，整个行业应当减少暴露于易受量子计算攻击以及潜在易受人工智能攻击的密码系统中的风险。
His concerns extend beyond this, and extend to lattice-based systems used in areas such as machine learning digital signature algorithms (ML-DSA) and fully homomorphic encryption. Buterin believes that just as improvements to the factorization method over the years have gone beyond the original naive assumption of the difficulty of the problem, humans may have missed mathematical shortcuts that artificial intelligence systems can discover.
He explained that it is this possibility that makes Ethereum's streamlined technology roadmap more inclined towards hash-based cryptography. The proposed approach avoids using lattice-based systems, ML-DSA, Falcon algorithms, and lattice-based commitment mechanisms in zero-knowledge proofs when alternatives are feasible. When applicable, he believes hash-based signature schemes such as WOTS and SPHINCS+ are preferable.
However, the Ethereum co-founder also pointed out that the problem goes far beyond the blockchain realm. Public-key encryption is still used for communications, private networks, websites and VPNs and cannot simply be replaced by a hash function. For systems based on solving mathematical problems, he suggests that a larger key size may be needed in the future.
Cryptographers refute threat theory
Drake's warning was directly criticized. Yehuda Lindell, chief cryptographer at Coinbase, believes there is no evidence that the decades-old assumptions behind elliptic curve cryptography are about to fail. Lindell also refuted the view that recent achievements of artificial intelligence in the field of mathematics pose a threat to ECDSA.
If elliptic curve cryptography is suddenly cracked, the consequences will go far beyond the scope of cryptocurrency wallets and may affect digital certificates, banking software and other systems that rely on public key cryptography.
In contrast, Buterin's suggestion seems less alarmist. For multi-signature wallets, he initially suggested collecting confirmation information offline to keep the signer's key hidden, and later corrected himself to suggesting that each signer change the key after each operation. He also warned that a hasty migration could lead to asset losses, pointing out that the losses caused by missteps even exceed the combined costs of all hacking attacks.
