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ETH Turing Coin questions common security assumptions
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has warned that artificial intelligence could weaken a key part of cryptocurrency security within two years. He posted a post on the X platform on October 8 sharing this warning.
Butrin said that mathematical advances driven by artificial intelligence could harm lattice-based cryptography. This includes systems that many experts believe cannot be cracked by quantum computers.
He urged the cryptocurrency industry to take this risk seriously and said project parties should reduce exposure to cryptography that is vulnerable to quantum attacks and artificial intelligence attacks.
I wouldn't recommend anyone rushing to transfer funds into a new wallet today. But we should take seriously the risks to cryptography that artificial intelligence accelerates mathematical development and minimize our exposure to not only quantum fragile cryptography, but also potential artificial intelligence fragile cryptography...
Buterin questions common security assumptions
Buterin pointed out that the risks do not just lie in older solutions like ECDSA, which have been considered vulnerable to quantum attacks. He said grid-based methods, such as ML-DSA and FHE, could also be at risk.
He challenges a common belief in the industry that elliptic curves have been cracked, while hashes and lattices are still safe.
Butrin said there is a "high possibility" that grid security in the real world will be severely hit by advances in artificial intelligence mathematics in the next two years.
He cited RSA as an example. He said RSA keys and signatures require close to 400 bytes instead of 64 bytes. "What if there are such 'skeletons in the wardrobe'(hidden defects) in elliptic curves and grids, and our current intelligence is not enough to detect them, but robots will find them soon?" He wrote.
He added that if artificial intelligence brings "two years of mathematical results, 50 years," then these improvements could include a significant increase in the ability to break through.
Ethereum moves towards hash-based signatures
Buterin said that the Ethereum streamlining roadmap focuses on the "hash-only" direction rather than the lattice based direction. This includes signature types such as WOTS and SPHINCS.
He pointed out that hash-based methods have no mathematical structure that attackers can easily exploit. As a result, they are considered to be more resistant to AI-driven attacks.
He noticed that hash-based methods were already used for signatures and certificates. Public-key encryption is even more difficult to implement because long-term mathematical results have shown that public-key encryption cannot be built solely by hashing.
For multi-signature wallets, Buterin said that the ideal rule is that each signer changes its key after each operation. He also said that signatures should be collected offline as much as possible to shorten the time for key exposure.
He advised users to use a new address wherever possible. He also recommends avoiding using on-chain encrypted notes for privacy protection and using larger parameters for any lattice-based public key encryption.
Other organizations are also preparing for future threats
The European Criminal Police Organization (Europol) has urged the cryptocurrency industry to start preparing for quantum computing risks, warning that wallets are the main point of exposure.
The EU NIS Cooperation Group calls for a post-quantum strategy by the end of 2026. The Ethereum Foundation's goal is to make the Ethereum main network fully quantum resistant by 2029.
