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U.S. cryptocurrency tax bill passed the House Committee by a 38 - 5 vote

2026-09-17 04:10:45
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The U.S. House Taxation Committee voted 38 - 5 to advance the Digital Assets Tax Uncertainty Act

H.R. Bill 10357 passed the House Ways and Means Committee with a vote of 38 - 5. The proposal provides a tax exemption of up to $10 for eligible cryptocurrency networks and transaction fees, and establishes a regulatory framework covering stablecoins, laundering rules, crypto-lending, mining, pledges, and broker reporting. The vote came a day after the Senate CLARITY bill failed procedural tests.

Bipartisan support for crypto tax bill makes progress

After more than a year of efforts by lawmakers, the House Ways and Means Committee approved what is known as the Digital Assets Tax Uncertainty Act (H.R. 10357). Committee Chairman Jason Smith called it a historic moment for the tax drafting committee. He said that Republican and Democratic lawmakers have worked together to establish the first digital asset tax framework, allowing digital assets to be more clearly included in the Internal Revenue Code.

"This is a historic moment: After more than a year of joint efforts, members of the Republican and Democratic Parties have jointly established the first digital asset tax framework in history," Smith said in his opening statement.

The bill was not submitted directly to the full House for consideration, but was passed by the committee by a 38 - 5 vote, making it eligible for discussion on the House floor. Both the House and Senate need to approve the same text before the measure is sent to the president for signature.

史密斯表示,委员会通过数月的研究和来自立法者的意见构建了H.R. 10357号法案。他将数字资产行业描述为全球价值超过2万亿美元的领域,并认为更清晰的税收规则有助于防止相关公司和就业流失出美国。

委员会审议了一项替代修正案,用类似语言替换了原版本,并将2026年9月14日设定为若干条款的参考日期。与该日期相关的变更包括针对洗售、推定销售、某些外国实体以及受注册要求覆盖的数字资产的规则。

数字资产税收规则涵盖费用与稳定币

根据委员会批准的文本,纳税人在使用数字资产支付不超过10美元的合格网络或交易费用时,无需确认收益或损失。该条款涵盖的网络费用包括用于验证另一笔数字资产交易的付款。符合条件的交易成本包括经纪费、交易费、流动性费等,尽管法案对用于支付这些费用的资产类型设定了条件。

现行的联邦税收处理方式可能导致应税处置事件,例如当个人花费加密货币时,包括使用代币支付交易成本的情况。正如此前对现行联邦税收待遇的分析所解释的那样,国税局(IRS)将数字资产视为财产,因此出售、交换或支付行为可能会产生资本利得或损失。

这10美元的豁免仅针对符合条件的费用移除收益或损失的确认,而非为日常加密购买创造一般性免税。某些交易者、经纪人、经销商、交易验证者以及在前一个纳税年度进行超过5,000次数字资产转移的纳税人将面临排除条款,具体需遵守法案中的行政规定。

H.R. 10357号法案还为涉及广泛交易的数字资产的收益和损失创造了简化的会计方法。另一部分则为涉及美元稳定币的合格交易提供特定处理,解决了旨在维持对美元固定价值的资产问题。

除了面向用户的条款外,该法案还涵盖了数字资产贷款协议下的转账、针对经销商和交易商的税收规则、交易安全港以及特定数字资产的慈善捐赠。拟议的规则还将某些稳定币借贷安排视为联邦税收目的下的债务。

对于美国纳税人而言,这些变化可能会改变收益的计算方式以及必须保留的记录。现有规则要求纳税人跟踪涉及应税处置的加密货币的成本基础和公允价值,而通过1099-DA表格进行的经纪人报告扩大了发送给国税局的交易数据。

加密洗售、挖矿和质押纳入框架

法案的反滥用部分将洗售规则扩展到可交易的数字资产,并将推定销售条款应用于加密货币。根据现行法律,法定洗售限制适用于证券但不适用于数字资产,允许纳税人以亏损卖出加密货币并迅速回购,同时仍申报该亏损。

H.R. 10357号法案将消除受立法覆盖资产之间的这一区别。该提案还包括涉及外国公司、投资公司、跨式交易以及从合伙企业向合伙人分配可交易数字资产的规则。

挖矿和质押受到单独处理。法案解决了通过这两种活动获得的收入的来源和性质,并为从事数字资产质押的投资信托提供了规则。现有的国税局指导方针通常将挖矿和质押奖励视为普通收入,一旦纳税人获得对资产的控制权。随后的出售可能基于处置价格与已确认为收入的金额之间的差异,产生单独的资本利得或损失。

其他条款修订了数字资产经纪人的要求,并建立了一个自愿披露计划。符合条件的纳税人可以利用该计划纠正过去某些数字资产报告的失误,而财政部将被要求研究该框架并提交报告。

根据联合税务委员会的估计,整个法案将在2027至2036财年期间增加5亿美元的联邦净收入。其洗售条款预计在此期间将增加约17.1亿美元的收入,而小额数字资产费用豁免预计将使收入减少约23.7亿美元。

该法案还合并了《FULL HOUSE法案》,该法案将恢复赌博损失扣除额,上限等于纳税人的 winnings(赢利)。史密斯表示,该条款将逆转一项将允许扣除额降低至赢利的90%的变化,这可能使一些即使收支平衡或亏损的纳税人面临账单。

参议院投票后CLARITY法案陷入停滞

委员会批准的前一天,参议院驳回了关于推进H.R. 3633号法案(即CLARITY法案载体)动议的终止辩论动议。9月15日的投票结果为49比50,该措施距离开始辩论所需的60票还差11票。

结果是程序性的,并不构成对市场结构立法的最终投票。尽管如此,它阻止了参议员开启辩论、提出修正案或在该阶段推动通过。

与侧重于税收的H.R. 10357号法案不同,CLARITY法案解决了数字资产和市场中介机构如何受到监管的问题。其条款旨在定义证券交易委员会(SEC)和商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)各自的角色,包括扩大CFTC对数字商品现货市场的权力。

在投票之前,分歧主要集中在总统的加密利益、去中心化金融开发者的保护以及稳定币奖励上。之前的参议院投票分析还将有限的国会日历确定为障碍,因为任何参议院的修改都需要众议院的批准。

While legislation stagnates, federal agencies may continue to formulate policy under their existing powers. In a September 16 review, Michael Saylor said the SEC, CFTC and Treasury could act while waiting for Congress, even though the CFTC does not have the full spot market powers envisioned in the bill.

Official Senate records list the motion to close debate rejected and do not give a date for another vote. Senator Thom Tillis changed the vote to "no" after the results were clear, putting him on the side of the majority and retaining the ability to reconsider based on Senate procedures.

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